993
Robert the Monk, Historia Iherosolimitana (Paris, 1846), RHC, 3, p. 741
994
Fulcher, History of the Expedition, pp. 66–67; Robert the Monk, Historia, p. 725; Riley-Smith, First Crusade, p. 143
995
Keegan, History of Warfare, p. 295
996
Бернард Клервосский, Похвала новому рыцарству, 2.3; 2,1; см.: M. Conrad Greenia, RHC, trans., In Praise of the New Knighthood: A Treatise on the Knights Templar and the Holy Places of Jerusalem (Collegeville, Minn., 2008)
997
Ibid., 3, 5
998
Amin Maalouf, The Crusades through Arab Eyes, trans. Jon Rothschild (London, 1984), pp. 38–39. Конечно, цифры, которые приводит Ибн аль-Асир, завышены. На тот момент численность жителей этого города не превышала 10 000 человек
999
Michael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History (Princeton and Oxford, 2006), pp. 137–38
1000
Ибн аль-Асир, Полный свод истории, X. 92; см.: Francesco Gabrieli, ed., Arab Historians of the Crusades, trans. E. J. Costello (London, Melbourne and Henley, 1978)
1001
Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh, 1999), pp. 75–81 (Хильдебранд К. Крестовые походы. Взгляд с Востока. – СПб.: Диля, 2008.)
1002
Maalouf, Crusades through Arab Eyes, pp. 2–3
1003
Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, pp. 139–40; Emanuel Sivan, ‘Genèse de contre-croisade: une traité damasquine de début du XIIe siècle’, Journal Asiatique, 254 (1966)
1004
R. A. Nicholson, The Mystics of Islam (London, 1963 ed.), p. 105. [Перевод З. Миркиной. Цит. по: Фильштинский И. М. Арабская поэзия средних веков. – М.: Художественная литература, 1975. – Прим. пер.]
1005
Ибн аль-Каланиси, История Дамаска, 173; см.: Gabrieli, ed., Arab Historians of the Crusades
1006
Камаль ад-Дин, Сливки истории Алеппо, II, 187–90; см.: Gabrieli, ed., Arab Historians of the Crusades.
1007
Maalouf, Crusades through Arab Eyes, p. 147
1008
Hillenbrand, Crusades, p. 113
1009
Здесь и далее факты изложены по: Ибн аль-Асир, Полный свод истории, XI, 264–67; см.: Gabrieli, Arab Historians of the Crusades
1010
Баха ад-Дин, Салах ад-Дин; ibid., p. 100. [Цит. по: Баха ад-Дин. Саладин, победитель крестоносцев. – М.: Диля, 2009. – Прим. пер.]
1011
Ибн аль-Асир, Полный свод истории; ibid., pp. 141–42
1012
Ибн аль-Асир, Полный свод истории; Maalouf, Crusades through Arab Eyes, pp. 205–06
1013
Christopher J. Tyerman, ‘Sed nihil fecit? The Last Capetians and the Recovery of the Holy Land’, in J. Gillingham and J. C. Holt, eds, War and Government in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of J. O. Prestwich (Totowa, NJ, 1984); Norman Housley, The Later Crusades, 1274–1580: From Lyons to Alcazar (Oxford, 1992), pp. 12–30; Mastnak, Crusading Peace, pp. 139–40
1014
Ср. Противоположные точки зрения в: R. W. Southern, The Making of the Middle Ages (London, Melbourne, Sydney, Auckland, Johannesburg, 1967), pp. 56–62; Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, 3 vols (Cambridge, 1954), pp. 474–77
1015
Hillenbrand, Crusades, pp. 249–50
1016
David Abulafia, Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor (New York and Oxford, 1992), pp. 197–98
1017
From John Esposito, Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam (Oxford, 2002), pp. 43–46; David Cook, Understanding Jihad (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 2005), pp. 63–66; Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, pp. 143–44; Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilisation (Chicago and London, 1974), pp. 468–71; Natana J. Delong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad (Cairo, 2005), pp. 247–55; Hillenbrand, Crusades, pp. 241–43
1018
R. I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Power and Deviance in Western Europe 950–1250 (Oxford, 1987)
1019
Ibid., pp. 26–43
1020
H. G. Richardson, The English Jewry under the Angevin Kings (London, 1960), p. 8; John H. Mundy, Liberty and Political Power in Toulouse (New York, 1954), p. 325
1021
Moshe Gil, A History of Palestine, 634–1099, trans. Ethel Broido (Cambridge, UK, 1992), pp. 370–80; F. E. Peters, The Distant Shrine: The Islamic Centuries in Jerusalem (New York, 1993), pp. 73–74; 92–96. Греки называли этот храм храмом Воскресения, а крестоносцы переименовали его в храм Гроба Господня
1022
Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, pp. 76–78, 80, 86–87
1023
Ibid., pp. 87–88
1024
Moore, Formation of Persecuting Society, pp. 105–06
1025
Ibid., pp. 84–85; Richardson, English Jewry, pp. 50–63
1026
Пьер Абеляр, Диалог, 51; см.: P. J. Payer, trans., A Dialogue of a Philosopher with a Jew and a Christian (Toronto, 1979), p. 33. [Пер. С. Неретиной. Цит. по: Пьер Абеляр. Теологические трактаты. – М.: Прогресс, 1995. – Прим. пер.]
1027
M. Montgomery Watt, The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe (Edinburgh, 1972), pp. 74–86
1028
Duby, ‘Introduction’, in Chivalrous Society, pp. 9–11
1029
Jonathan and Louise Riley-Smith, The Crusades: Idea and Reality, 1095–1274 (London, 1981), pp. 78–79
1030
Ibid., pp. 83, 85
1031
Zoe Oldenbourg, Le Bucher de Montségur (Paris, 1959), pp. 115–16
1032
Ibid., p. 89
1033
J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Consiliorum nova et amplissima collectio (Paris and Leipzig, 1903), Vol. 21, 843 in Moore, Formation of Persecuting Society, p. 111
1034
Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide (London, 1967), p. 12 (Кон Н. Благословение на геноцид. Миф о всемирном заговоре евреев и «протоколах сионских мудрецов». – М.: Прогресс, 1990.)
1035
Peter the Venerable, Summary of the Whole Heresy of the Diabolic Sect of the Saracens in Norman Daniel, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Edinburgh, 1960), p. 124
1036
Benjamin Kedar, Crusade and Mission: European Approaches to the Muslims (Princeton, NJ, 1984), p. 101.
1037
Moore, Formation of Persecuting Society, pp. 60–67
1038
Ibid., pp. 102, 110–11
1039
Larry Benson, ed. and trans., King Arthur’s Death: The Middle English Stanzaic Morte d’Arthur and the Alliterative Morte d’Arthur (Kalamazoo, Mich., 1994), line 247
1040
Песнь о Роланде, строка 2196. см.: Dorothy L. Sayers, trans., The Song of Roland (Harmondsworth, 1957). [Перевод Ю. Корнеева. Здесь и далее цит. по: Песнь о Роланде. Коронование Людовика. Нимская телега. Песнь о Сиде. Романсеро. – М.: Художественная литература, 1976. – Прим. пер.]
1041
Ibid., строки 2344–2352
1042
Ibid., строки 1881–1882
1043
Keen, Chivalry, pp. 60–63
1044
P. M. Matarasso, trans. and ed., The Quest of the Holy Grail (Harmondsworth, 1969), pp. 119–20
1045
Franco Cardini, ‘The Warrior and the Knight’, in James Le Goff, ed., The Medieval World, trans. Lydia C. Cochrane (London, 1990), p. 95
1046
Keith Busby, trans., Raoul de Hodence, Le roman des eles: The Anonymous Ordene de Cevalerie (Philadelphia, 1983), p. 175
1047
Richard W. Kaeuper, Holy Warrior: The Religious Ideology of Chivalry (Philadelphia, 2009), pp. 53–57
1048
A. T. Holden, S. Gregory and David Crouch, trans. and eds, History of William Marshal, 2 vols (London, 2002–06), lines 16, 853–63
1049
Kaeuper, Holy Warrior, pp. 38–49
1050
Henry of Lancaster, ‘Book of Holy Remedies’ in A. J. Arnold, ed., Le Livre de Seyntz Medicines: The Unpublished Devotional Treatises of Henry of Lancaster (Oxford, 1940), p. 4
1051
Geoffroi de Charny, The Book of Chivalry of Geoffroi de Charny: Text, Context and Translation, trans. Richard W. Kaeuper and Elspeth Huxley (Philadelphia, 1996), p. 194
1052
Ibid., pp. 174, 176–77
1053
Ibid.
1054
Mastnak, Crusading Peace, pp. 233–39
1055
Malcolm Barber, The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Templars (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 280–313; Norman Cohn, Europe’s Inner Demons: The Demonization of Christians in Medieval Christendom (London, 1975), pp. 79–101
1056
Brian Tierney, The Crisis of Church and State, 1050–1300 (Toronto, 1988), p. 172; J. H. Shennon, The Origins of the Modern European State 1450–1725 (London, 1974); Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, 2 vols (Cambridge, UK, 1978), 1, p. xxiii; A. Fall, Medieval and Renaissance Origins: Historiographical Debates and Demonstrations (London, 1991), p. 120
1057
Mastnak, Crusading Peace, pp. 244–46
1058
J. N. Hillgarth, Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-Century France (Oxford, 1971), pp. 107–11, 120.
1059
Christopher J. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, 1095–1588 (Chicago, 1988), pp. 324–43; William T. Cavanaugh, Migrations of the Holy: God, State and the Political Meanings of the Church (Grand Rapids, Mich., 2011)
1060
John Barnie, War in Medieval English Society: Social Values in the Hundred Years War (Ithaca, NY, 1974), pp. 102–03
1061
Mastnak, Crusading Peace, pp. 248–51; Thomas J. Renna, ‘Kingship in the Disputatio inter clericum et militem’, Speculum, 48 (1973)
1062
Ernst K. Kantorowicz¸ ‘Pro Patria Mori in Medieval Political Thought’, American Historical Review, 56, 3 (1951), pp. 244, 256
1063
Felipe Fernández-Armesto, 1492: The Year Our World Began (New York, 2009), pp. 9–11, 52
1064
Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols (Chicago and London, 1974), 3, pp. 14–15
1065
