Читаем без скачивания Великое вырождение. Как разрушаются институты и гибнут государства - Ниал Фергюсон

58

Pressler, Jessica Look Who’s Back // New York Magazine, 8 April 2012. См.: http://nymag.com/news/business/themoney/john-mack-2012—4/index1.html.

59

Wallison, Peter Dodd – Frank’s Liquidation Plan is Worse than Bankruptcy // Bloomberg, 11 June 2012.

60

Masters, Brooke Big Banks Need Extra $

566bn, says Fitch // Financial Times, 17 May 2012.

61

Darwin, Frances, ed. The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, including an Autobiographical Chapter, vol. I. London, 1887, p. 83.

62

Bagehot, Walter Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market. London, 1896 [1873], p. 11.

63

Ferguson, Niall An Evolutionary Approach to Financial History // Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 74 (2010), pp. 449–454.

64

Weber, Robert F. Structural Regulation as Antidote to Complexity Capture // American Business Law Journal, 49, 3 (2012).

65

См.: Buchanan, Mark Ubiquity: The Science of History… Or Why the World is Simpler Than We Think. London, 2005.

66

Haldane, Andrew On Tackling the Credit Cycle and Too Big to Fail (January 2011). См.: http://www.iiea.com/event/download_powerpoint?urlKey=andrew– haldane-on-fixingfinance. Также см.: Hu, Henry Too Complex to Depict? Innovation, “Pure Information” and the SEC Disclosure Paradigm // Texas Law Review (June 2012). [Коды стран приведены по ГОСТ 7.67–2003: ГЕР – Германия, ДАН – Дания, ИСП – Испания, ФИН – Финляндия, ИРЯ – Ирландия, ИТА – Италия, ЯПО – Япония, ЛЮК – Люксембург, ПОР – Португалия, НИД – Нидерланды, ШВЕ – Швеция, СОЕ – США, ГРИ – Греция, КАЙ – Каймановы о-ва, АВТ – Австрия, АВС – Австралия, БЕЛ – Бельгия, КАН – Канада, ШВА – Швейцария.]

67

Nassim Taleb Antifragile: Things that Gain from Disorder. N. Y., Random House, 2012.

68

Kornai, Janos The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism. Oxford, 1992.

69

Bagehot Lombard Street, pp. 17, 160f.

70

Ibid. P. 165.

71

Ibid. Pp. 58f.

72

Ibid. P. 199.

73

Ibid. P. 235.

74

Ibid. P. 325.

75

Ibid. P. 321.

76

Kotlikoff, Laurence J., and John C. Goodman Solving our Nation’s Financial Crisis with Limited Purpose Banking. Boston University Working Paper (15 April 2009). Также см.: Kay, John Narrow Banking: The Reform of Banking Regulation. Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation (2009).

77

Ferguson, Niall Too Big to Live: Why We Must Stamp Out State Monopoly Capitalism // Adam Smith Review, 6 (2011): 327–340.

78

Bagehot Lombard Street, p. 334.

79

Ibid. P. 336.

80

Morgenson, Gretchen Lending Magnate Settles Fraud Case // New York Times, 15 October 2010.

81

Chen Guangcheng How China Flouts its Laws // New York Times, 29 May 2012.

82

He Weifang China’s First Steps towards Constitutionalism / In: In the Name of Justice: Striving for the Rule of Law in China. He Weifang, ed. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2012. Pp. 63–101.

83

Bingham, Tom The Rule of Law. London, 2010.

84

Wilson, Ben What Price Liberty? How Freedom was Won and is Being Lost. London, 2009.

85

Dworkin, Ronald Law’s Empire. London, 1986. Pp. 166, 225.

86

Ibid. P. 346.

87

Dworkin, Ronald Justice for Hedgehogs. Cambridge, MA, 2011. P. 402.

88

North, Douglass C. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge, 1990. P. 54.

89

Ibid. P. 59.

90

Greif, Avner Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade / In: Ménard, C., and M. Shirley, eds. Handbook of New Institutional Economics. Dordrecht, 2005. Pp. 727–786.

91

La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert W. Vichny Legal Determinants of External Finance // Journal of Finance, 52, 3 (July 1997): 1131–1150.

92

Ibid.

93

La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert W. Vichny Investor Protection and Corporate Governance // Journal of Financial Economics, 58 (2000): 3–27.

94

Djankov, Simeon, La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Andrei Shleifer The Regulation of Entry // Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117, 1 (February 2002): 1–37.

95

Djankov, Simeon, La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Andrei Shleifer Courts // Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 2 (May 2003): 453–517.

96

Botero, Juan C., Djankov, Simeon, La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Andrei Shleifer The Regulation of Labor // Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119, 4 (November 2004): 1339–1382.

97

La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Andrei Shleifer What Works in Securities Laws? // Journal of Finance, 61, 1 (February 2006): 1–32.

98

Djankov, Simeon, Hart, Oliver, McLiesh, Caralee, and Andrei Shleifer Debt Enforcement around the World // Journal of Political Economy, 116, 6 (2008): 1105–1149.

99

La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Andrei Shleifer The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins // Journal of Economic Literature, 46, 2 (June 2008). Pp. 285–332.

100

Ibid. P. 300.

101

He Weifang The Ongoing Quest for Judicial Independence in China (2001) / In: In the Name of Justice: Striving for the Rule of Law in China. He Weifang, ed. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2012.

102

Greif, Avner Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy. Pp. 766–768.

103

См.: Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal Legal Regime and Business’s Organizational Choice: A Comparison of France and the United States during the Mid-Nineteenth Century // NBER Working Paper 10288 (February 2004); Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal Contractual Tradeoffs and SMEs’ Choice of Organizational Form: A View from U. S. and French History, 1830–2000 // NBER Working Paper 12455 (August 2006).

104

Guinnane, Timothy, Harris, Ron, Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal Putting the Corporation in its Place // NBER Working Paper 13109 (May 2007); Musacchio, Aldo Experiments in Financial Democracy: Corporate Governance and Financial Development in Brazil, 1882–1950. Cambridge, 2009.

105

Collison, David, Cross, Stuart, Ferguson, John, Power, David, and Lorna Stevenson Legal Determinants of External Finance Revisited: The Inverse Relationship between Investor Protection and Societal Well-Being // Journal of Business Ethics, 108 (2012): 393–410.

106

Dickens, Charles Bleak House (1852–1853). Ch. 1.

107

Slater, Michael Dickens: A Life Defined by Writing. New Haven, 2009. Pp. 340–358.

108

Danzig, Richard Hadley v. Baxendale: A Study in the Industrialization of the Law // Journal of Legal Studies, 4, 2 (June 1975): 267f.

109

Kostal, Rande W. Law and English Railway Capitalism, 1825–1875. Oxford, 1994.

110

Danzig Hadley v. Baxendale, p. 277.

111

Ibid. P. 252n.

112

Ibid. P. 254.

113

Kleinwort Benson v. Lincoln City Council [1999]. 2 AC349, Lord Goff at pp. 377 ff.

114

Howard, Philip K. It’s Time to Clean House // Atlantic Monthly, 14 March 2012.

115

Howard, Philip K. Results-Based Regulation: A Blueprint for Starting Over // Common Good, 2 December 2011. См.: http://www.commongood.org/blog/entry/philip-k. – howard-on-the-needfor-results-based-regulation.

116

Подсчитано на основе данных в: Brudnick, Ida A. Congressional Salaries and Allowances. Congressional Research Service report, 4 January 2011; Office of Management and Budget Fiscal Year 2013 Budget of the U.S. Government (Washington, DC, 2010); the 2013 Federal Judicial Budget. Также см.: Dudley, Susan, and Melinda Warren Fiscal Stalemate Reflected in Regulators’ Budget: An Analysis of the U.S. Budget for Fiscal Years 2011 and 2012 // Regulators’ Budget Report 33, 11 May 2011.

117

Данные за 2011 год см.: http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/index.php.

118

Crain, Nicole V., and W. Mark Crain The Impact of Regulatory Costson Small Firms. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy (September 2010).

119

McQuillan, Lawrence J., Abramyan, Hovannes, and Anthony P. Archie Jackpot Justice: The True Cost of America’s Tort System. San Francisco, 2007. P. xii.

120

McQuillan, Lawrence J., and Hovannes Abramyan U.S. Tort Liability Index: 2010 Report. San Francisco, 2010. P. 18. Cf. Towers Perrin 2009 Update on U.S. Tort Cost Trends. N. p., 2009.

121

Chimerine, Lawrence, and Ross Eisenbrey The Frivolous Case for Tort Law Change: Opponents of the Legal System Exaggerate its Costs, Ignore its Benefits. Economic Policy Institute Briefing Paper (May 2005).

122

Kennedy, David, and Joseph Stiglitz Law and Economics with Chinese Characteristics: Institutions for Promoting Development in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, 2013.

123

Porter, Michael E., Delgado, Mercedes, Ketels, Christian, and Scott Stern Moving to a New Global Competitiveness Index / In: World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report, 2008–2009. Geneva, 2009.

124

Porter, Michael E., and Jan W. Rivkin The Looming Challenge to U.S. Competitiveness // Harvard Business Review (March 2012); Porter, Michael E., and Jan W. Rivkin Choosing the United States, ibid.

125

World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report, 2011–2012. Geneva, 2011.

126

Heritage Foundation Index of Economic Freedom 2011. Washington, DC, 2011. См.: http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking.

127

International Finance Corporation Doing Business 2011. Washington, DC, 2011.

128

World Justice Project Rule of Law Index 2011. Washington, DC, 2011.

129

World Bank Worldwide Governance Index. См.: www.govindicators.org.

130

International Financial Corporation Doing Business. См.: http://www.doingbusiness.org/.

131

Haggard, Stephan, and Lydia Tiede The Rule of Law and Economic Growth: Where Are We? // World Development, 39, 5 (2011). Pp. 673–685.

132

См.: Trebilcock, Michael, and Jing Leng The Role of Formal Contract Law and Enforcement in Economic Development // Virginia Law Review, 92 (2006). Pp. 1517–1580, esp. pp. 1554–1575.

133

Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York, 2012. Pp. 445f.

134

Clarke, Donald C. Power and Politics in the Chinese Court System: The Enforcement of Civil Judgments // Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 10, 1 (1996): 1–125.

135