class="a">https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/the-major-labels-could-block-spotifys-expansion-into-india-this-year/.
106
Amy X. Wang, “Spotify Is in Trouble with Record Labels (Again),” Rolling Stone, September 10, 2018, https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/spotify-record-labels-dispute-720512/.
107
Jem Aswad, “Spotify’s Daniel Ek Talks Royalties, Data-Sharing, the Future: ‘I Was Never a Disrupter,’” Variety, April 11, 2019, https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/spotify-daniel-ek-talks-royalties-future-freaknomics-disrupter-1203186354/.
108
Jem Aswad, “Spotify’s Daniel Ek Talks Royalties, Data-Sharing, the Future: ‘I Was Never a Disrupter,’” Variety, April 11, 2019, https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/spotify-daniel-ek-talks-royalties-future-freaknomics-disrupter-1203186354/.
109
Lauren Feiner, “Spotify Makes Another Podcast Acquisition, Buying Bill Simmons’ The Ringer,” CNBC, February 5, 2020, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/05/spotify-spot-earnings-spotify-acquires-the-ringer-to-boost-podcasts.html.
110
Juli Clover, “Apple CEO Tim Cook on Apple Music: ‘We Worry about the Humanity Being Drained Out of Music,’” MacRumors, August 7, 2018, https://www.macrumors.com/2018/08/07/tim-cook-apple-music-humanity/.
111
Впервые я сформулировал три этих конструкта в книге The Wide Lens: What Successful Innovators See That Others Miss в качестве новой точки зрения на инновации. В The Wide Lens я рассматривал, как с помощью данных конструктов можно выбирать между инновационными пилотными проектами и МЖЭ в условиях сложных экосистем. Здесь мы воспользуемся этими принципами, чтобы понять механизмы конкуренции и подрыва экосистем. Две дискуссии взаимно дополняют друг друга, и заинтересованным читателям будет полезно ознакомиться с обеими. Прим. авт.
112
Farhad Manjoo, “Amazon Echo, a.k.a. Alexa, Is a Personal Aide in Need of Schooling,” New York Times, June 24, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/25/technology/personaltech/amazon-echo-aka-alexa-is-a-personal-aide-in-need-of-schooling.html.
113
David Pierce, “Amazon Echo Review: Listen Up,” The Verge, January 29, 2015, https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/19/7548059/amazon-echo-review-speaker.
114
Trefis Team, “Why Smart Home Devices Are a Strong Growth Opportunity for Best Buy,” Forbes, July 5, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2017/07/05/why-smart-home-devices-are-a-strong-growth-opportunity-for-best-buy/#798aa5b24984.
115
“Control4 Launches Amazon Alexa Skill for Voice-enabled Whole Home Automation,” Control4 press release, September 14, 2016, https://www.control4.com/press_releases/2016/09/14/control4-launches-amazon-alexa-skill-for-voice-enabled-whole-home-automation/.
116
Walt Mossberg, “Mossberg: Five Things I Learned from Jeff Bezos at Code,” Recode, June 8, 2016, https://www.vox.com/2016/6/8/11880874/mossberg-jeff-bezos-code-conference.
117
“Is the Amazon Echo All Talk?” Consumer Reports, December 19, 2014, https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/12/is-the-amazon-echo-all-talk/index.htm.
118
Jason Fell, “Why Amazon’s Voice-Activated Speaker ‘Echo’ Isn’t Worth Your Time or Money,” Entrepreneur, June 23, 2015, https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/247655.
119
Harry McCracken, “Echo and Alexa Are Two Years Old. Here’s What Amazon Has Learned So Far,” Fast Company, November 7, 2016, https://www.fastcompany.com/3065179/echo-and-alexa-are-two-years-old-heres-what-amazon-has-learned-so-far.
120
Todd Bishop, “Amazon Echo Adds Voice Controls for Spotify, iTunes, and Pandora, plus new ‘Simon Says’ Feature,” GeekWire, January 13, 2015, https://www.geekwire.com/2015/amazon-echo-adds-voice-controls-spotify-itunes-pandora-plus-new-simon-says-feature/.
121
Mark Bergen, “Jeff Bezos Says More Than 1,000 People Are Working on Amazon Echo and Alexa,” Recode, May 31, 2016, https://www.recode.net/2016/5/31/11825694/jeff-bezos-1000-people-amazon-echo-alexa.
122
“Amazon Introduces the Alexa Skills Kit — A Free SDK for Developers,” Amazon press release, June 25, 2015, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150625005699/en/Amazon-Introduces-the-Alexa-Skills-Kit%E2%80%94A-Free-SDK-for-Developers.
123
Bret Kinsella, “There Are Now 20,000 Amazon Alexa Skills in the U.S.,” voicebot.ai, September 3, 2017, https://www.voicebot.ai/2017/09/03/now-20000-amazon-alexa-skills-u-s/.81 to more than 80,000 by 2021: Bret Kinsella, “Alexa Skill Counts Surpass 80K in US, Spain Adds the Most Skills, New Skill Rate Falls Globally,” voicebot.ai, January 14, 2021, https://voicebot.ai/2021/01/14/alexa-skill-counts-surpass-80k-in-us-spain-adds-the-most-skills-new-skill-introduction-rate-continues-to-fall-across-countries/.
124
Jonathan Vanian, “Amazon Has a Stunning Number of People Working on Alexa,” Fortune, September 27, 2017, https://fortune.com/2017/09/27/amazon-alexa-employees/.
125
“Tech Giants Will Probably Dominate Speakers and Headphones,” The Economist, December 2, 2017, https://www.economist.com/business/2017/12/02/tech-giants-will-probably-dominate-speakers-and-headphones.
126
Liv VerSchure, vice president for GE Applicances, quoted in Teena Maddox, “Amazon Alexa Will Now Talk to GE’s Connected Appliances in Smart Home Push,” TechRepublic, September 13, 2016, https://www.techrepublic.com/article/amazon-alexa-will-now-talk-to-ges-connected-appliances-in-smart-home-push/.
127
Dieter Bohn, The Verge, January 4, 2019, https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/4/18168565/amazon-alexa-devices-how-many-sold-number-100-million-dave-limp.
128
Ben McInnis, “Use the Alexa Connect Kit, Now Available, to Build Alexa-connected Devices More Easily, Quickly, and Economically,” Alexa Blogs, September 25, 2019, https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/alexa/post/03376e48-f33a-4664-b668-a94d5025dd8e/use-the-alexa-connect-kit-now-available-to-build-alexa-connected-devices-more-easily-quickly-and-economically.
129
Industry analyst Mark Vena, quoted in Parmy Olson, “At CES, Amazon Is Beating Google in the Smart Home Battle,” Forbes, January 11, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2018/01/11/amazon-is-beating-google-in-the-smart-home-battle-for-now/#43e40a183f99.
130
Jamie Grill-Goodman, “Amazon to ‘Double Down’ on Alexa Investment,” RIS News, February 5, 2018, https://risnews.com/amazon-double-down-alexa-investment.
131
Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos is listed as inventor on a number of patents, including “Movement recognition as input mechanism” (Patent number 8,788,977, filed November 20, 2008); “Viewer-based device control” (Patent number 8,922,480, filed March 5, 2010); and “Utilizing phrase tokens in transactions” (Patent number 9, 390, 416, filed March 14, 2013).
132
Unnamed developer, quoted in Joshua Brustein, “The Real Story of How Amazon Built the Echo,” Bloomberg, April 19, 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-amazon-echo/.
133
Gene Munster and Will Thompson, “Smart Speaker Macro-Model Update,” June 13, 2019, https://loupventures.com/smart-speaker-market-share-update/.
134
Monica Nickelsburg, “Microsoft to Sunset Cortana on iOS and Android in Pivot to ‘Productivity-focused’ Assistant,” GeekWire, July 31, 2020, https://www.geekwire.com/2020/Microsoft-sunset-cortana-ios-android-pivot-productivity-focused-assistant/.
135
Samsung executive vice president Injong Rhee, quoted in Arjun Kharpal, “Samsung Bixby Expands to over 200 Countries in Battle with Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri,” CNBC, August 22, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/22/samsung-bixby-expands-to-over-200-countries-in-battle-with-alexa-siri.html.
136
См. S. A. Blank. The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products That Win (San Mateo, CA: CafePress.com Publishing, 2005) и Eric Ries. The Lean Startup (New York: Crown Business, 2011).
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Поскольку миссис Уинфри сделала свое имя брендом, дальше в книге я буду называть ее Опрой. Прим. авт.
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“The Oprah Winfrey Show to End September
