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16. Ibid., p. 361.

17. Ibid., p. 369.

18. Appian, Civil Wars, 1.2.

19. Diodorus Siculus, 34.21.

20. Ibid., 34.23.

21. Plutarch, Caius Gracchus, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, pp. 381–383.

ГЛАВА СЕМЬДЕСЯТ СЕДЬМАЯ. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОЦВЕТАНИЯ

1. The Jugurthine War 41, in Sallust, The Jugurthine War/The Conspiracy of Cataline, translated by

S. A. Handford (1963), p. 77.

2. The Jugurthine War 8, in Sallust, p. 41.

3. The Jugurthine War 14, in Sallust, p. 47.

4. The Jugurthine War 28, in Sallust, p. 64.

5. The Jugurthine War 37, in Sallust, p. 73.

6. Marius 28, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 148.

7. Marius 32 in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 152.

8. Cicero, On the Commonwealth, 3.41, in On the Commonwealth and On the Laws, translated and edited by James E. G. Zetzel (1999), p. 74.

9. Justin 38.4.13, quoted in Salmon, p. 128.

10. Salmon, p. 129.

11. Marius 33 in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 153.

12. Sulla 6 in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 179.

13. Marius 34 in Plutarch, Greek Lives, pp. 153–154.

14. Marius 35 in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 154.

15. Sulla 9, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 185.

16. Twitchett and Loewe, p. 410.

17. Shi chi iop, in Watson, Records, vol. II, pp. 142–143.

18. Shi chi 123, in Watson, Records, vol. 2, p. 282.

19. Ibid., 123, p. 284.

20. Han shu 96, quoted in Twitchett and Loewe, p. 410.

21. Marius 43, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 164.

22. Sulla 22 in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 199.

23. Sulla 30, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 208.

24. Sulla 31, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 210.

25. Hooper, p. 215.

26. Ibid., p. 223.

ГЛАВА СЕМЬДЕСЯТ ВОСЬМАЯ. НОВЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК

1. Carlin A. Barton, «The Scandal of the Arena», Representations 27 (1989), p. 2.

2. Tertullian, De spectaculis 22, in Barton, p. 1.

3. Crassus 8, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic: Six Lives by Plutarch, translated by Rex Warner (1972), p. 122.

4. Crassus 9, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 123.

5. Appian, Civil Wars, 1.118.

6. Crassus 9, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 124.

7. Appian, Civil Wars, 1.119.

8. Crassus n, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 127.

9. Appian, Civil Wars, 1.121.

10. Crassus 11, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 127.

11. Crassus 12, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 128.

12. Hooper, p. 226.

13. Ibid., p. 121.

14. Ibid., p. 120.

15. Pompey 48 and Caesar 14, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, pp. 207, 257.

16. Caesar, The Conquest of Gaul, 2.35, translated by S. A. Handford, revised by Jane F. Gardner (1982), p. 73.

17. Caesar 20, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 263.

18. Caesar 21, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 265.

19. Acton Griscom, The Historia Regum Britannia of Geoffrey of Monmouth (1929), p. 221.

20. Caesar, Conquest of Gaul, 5.14, p. in.

21. Ibid., 4.36, p. 103.

22. Plutarch, quoted in Hooper, p. 273.

23. Caesar 28, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 271.

24. Caesar 32–33, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 276.

25. Caesar 35, in Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, p. 279.

26. Plutarch, Antony, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, p. 487.

27. Clayton, p. 216.

28. Pompey 79–80, Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, pp. 240–241.

29. Harriet I. Flower, ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (2004), p. 328.

30. Nicolaus of Damascus, Life of Augustus, translated by Clayton M. Hall (1923).

31. Suetonius, The Deified Julius Caesar 82, in Lives of the Caesars, translated by Catharine Edwards (2000), p. 39.

ГЛАВА СЕМЬДЕСЯТ ДЕВЯТАЯ. ИМПЕРИЯ

1. Suetonius, The Deified Julius Caesar 83, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 39.

2. Plutarch, Marcus Brutus, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, p. 586.

3. Ibid., p. 587.

4. Plutarch, Antony, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, pp. 490–491.

5. Ibid., p. 491.

6. Ibid., p. 492.

7. Suetonius, The Deified Augustus 16, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 49.

8. Plutarch, Antony, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, p. 496.

9. Suetonius, The Deified Augustus 16, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 50.

10. Hooper, p. 305.

11. Chris Scarre, Chronicle of the Roman Emperors (1995), p. 18.

12. Hooper, p. 331.

13. Mackay, p. 184.

14. Hooper, pp. 332–333; Mackay, p. 185.

15. Res Gestae, II.38–41, 58, in The Monumentum Ancyranum, translated by E. G. Hardy (1923).

16. Ibid., H.74–80, 85–87.

17. Mackay, p. 185.

18. Suetonius, The Deified Augustus 79, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 84.

19. Tacitus, Annals of Imperial Rome, 1.1.

20. Garthwaite, p. 80.

21. Suetonius, Augustus 31, in The New Testament Background: Selected Documents, edited by C.

K. Barrett, p. 5.

22. Hooper, p. 334.

23. Suetonius, Tiberius, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 131.

24. Garthwaite, p. 80.

25. Suetonius, The Deified Augustus 98, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 95.

ГЛАВА ВОСЬМИДЕСЯТАЯ. ЗАКАТ И ВОЗРОЖДЕНИЕ

1. Twitchett and Loewe, p. 225.

2. Clyde Bailey Sargent, trans. Wang Mang: A Translation of the Official Account of His Rise to Power (1977), p. 55.

3. Ibid., p. 178.

4. Hucker, p. 129.

5. Бань Гу, историк эпохи Хань, цит. в: J. A. G. Roberts, p. 57.

6. J. A. G. Roberts, p. 57.

7. Paludan, p. 45.

8. J. A. G. Roberts, p. 59.

9. Michael, p. 82. 10. Fenton, p. 141.

ГЛАВА ВОСЕМЬДЕСЯТ ПЕРВАЯ. ПРОБЛЕМЫ НАСЛЕДОВАНИЯ

1. Suetonius, Tiberius 25, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 111.

2. Ibid.

3. Suetonius, Tiberius 43, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 119.

4. Suetonius, Tiberius 75, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 134.

5. Acts of Thomas, 2.4.

6. Ibid., 1.16.

7. Rom. 6:8–14, NIV.

8. Josephus, Wars of the Jews, II.184–203.

9. Tacitus, Annals of Imperial Rome, 12.62, 280.

10. I. A. Richmond, Roman Britain (1978), p. 30.

11. Ibid., p. 33.

12. Dio Cassius, Roman History (1916), 62.16–1.

13. Tacitus, Annals of Imperial Rome, 15.44.

14. Sulpicius Severus, «The Sacred History of Sulpicius Severus», in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 11, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (1974), book 2, chapter 29.

15. Suetonius, Nero 57, in Lives of the Caesars, p. 227.

16. Suetonius, Galba, in Lives of the Caesars, pp. 236–237.

17. Hooper, p. 393.

ГЛАВА ВОСЕМЬДЕСЯТ ВТОРАЯ. ГРАНИЦЫ РИМСКОГО МИРА

1. Hooper, p. 403.

2. Pliny, Letter 6.20 in The Letters of the Younger Pliny (1963).

3. De Vita Caesarum: Domitianus, in Suetonius, edited by J. C. Rolfe (1914), vol. 2, 339–385.

4. Domitian 13, in Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars, sec. 13, p. 289.

5. Tacitus, «Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola», in Complete Works of Tacitus, translated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (1964), pp. 707–708.

6. Scarre, p. 83.

7. Scarre, p. 88.

8. Trajan, in Anthony Birley, Lives of the Later Caesars (1976), p. 44.

9. Epictetus, «Discourses 4», in Discourses, Books 3 and 4, translated by P. E. Matheson (2004),

I. 128–131.

10. Dio Cassius, Roman History, p. lxix.

11. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, translated by A. C. McGiffert, 1890.

12. Ibid.

ГЛАВА ВОСЕМЬДЕСЯТ ТРЕТЬЯ. ДЕТИ НА ТРОНЕ

1. J. A. G. Roberts, p. 60.

2. Hucker, p. 131.

3. J. A. G. Roberts, p. 60.

4. Fairbank and Goldman, p. 60.

5. Hucker, p. 131.

6. Michael, p. 84.

7. Ibid.

ГЛАВА ВОСЕМЬДЕСЯТ ЧЕТВЕРТАЯ. ПОРОК НАСЛЕДСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ

1. Scarre, p. 110.

2. Marcus Antoninus 2, in Birley, p. 110.

3. Birley, Marcus Antoninus 7, in Birley, p. 115.

4. Birley, Marcus Antoninus 12, in Birley, p. 122.

5. Birley, Marcus Antoninus 17, in Birley, p. 125.

6. Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, translated by George Long (1909), 6.2.

7. Ibid., 30.

8. Marcus Antoninus 28, in Birley, p. 136.

9. Scarre, p. 122.

10. Commodus 9, in Birley, p. 170.

11. Commodus 16, in Birley, p. 175.

12. Rafe de Crespigny, trans., To Establish Peace, vol. 1 (1996), p. xi.

13. Ibid., p. 17.

14. Michael, p. 133; Paludan, p. 55.

15. de Crespigny, vol. 1, p. xxxviii.

16. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 396.

17. Hucker, p. 133.

18. Caracallus 2, in Birley, p. 251.

19. Caracallus 4, in Birley, p. 253.

20. Darab Dastur Peshotan Sanjana. The Karname i Artakhshir i Papakan, Being the Oldest Surviving Records of the Zoroastrian Emperor Ardashir Babakan, the Founder of the Sasanian Dynasty in Iran (1896), 1.6.

21. Scarre, p. 147.

22. Birley, Heliogabalus 5, in Birley, p. 293.

ГЛАВА ВОСЕМЬДЕСЯТ ПЯТАЯ. СПАСИТЕЛЬ ИМПЕРИИ

1. al-Mas’udi, El Masudi’s Encyclopedia, Entitled «Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems», Book 2 (1841).

2. Curris, p. 61.

3. «Yasna 12: The Zoroastrian Creed», translated by Joseph H. Peterson (electronic text at www. avesta.org, 1997), sections 1, 3, 9.

4. Jordanes, The Origin, and Deeds of the Goths, translated by Charles C. Mierow (1908) 1.9

5. Jordanes, 2.20.

6. Lactantius, «Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died», in The Anti-Nicene Fathers, vol 7, Fathers of the Third and Fourth Centuries, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson (1974)

7. Ibid.

8. Eutropius, Abridgement of Roman History, translated by John Selby Watson (Bohn, 1853) 9.13.

9. Ibid., 9.14.

10. Scarre, p. 193.

11. Eusebius, «The Oration of the Emperor Constantine», 24, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers Second Series, Vol. I, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (1974).

12. Eutropius, 9.18.

13. Ibid., 9.18.

14. Ibid., 9.20.

15. Lactantius, «On the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died»

16. Ibid.

17. Eutropius, 9.23.

18. Ibid., 9.27.

19. Eusebius, «Life of Constantine», in Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. I, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (1974), 26.

20. Ibid., 28, 29.

21. Ibid., 38.

Литература

Aeschylus. Persians. Trans. Janet Lembke and C. J. Herington. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. –. The Complete Plays. Vol. 2. Trans. Carl R. Mueller. Hanover, N.H.: Smith and Kraus, 2002. Aldred, Cyril. Akhenaten, King of Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, 1988.

Allan, Sarah. «Drought, Human Sacrifice and the Mandate of Heaven in a Lost Text from the ‘Shangshu’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 47, no. 3 (1984), pp. 523–539. al-Mas’udi, Abu. El Masudi’s Historical Encyclopedia, Entitled «Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems». London: Oriental Translation Fund, 1841.

Anthes, Rudolf. «Egyptian Theology in the Third Millennium B.C.» Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 18, no. 3 (Jul. 1959), pp. 169–212.

Apollodorus. The Library. Trans. Sir James George Frazer. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1921.

Appian. The Civil Wars. Trans. Oliver J. Thatcher. In The Library of Original Sources, vol. 3: The Roman World, ed. Oliver J. Thatcher. New York: University Research Extension Co., 1901.