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30. Ezra 1:1–3, NIV.

31. Ezra 3:12–13, NIV.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТИДЕСЯТАЯ. РИМСКАЯ РЕСПУБЛИКА

1. Herodotus 1.164–165.

2. A. Trevor Hodge, Ancient Greek France (1998), p. 19.

3. Barry Cunliffe, The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek: The Man Who Discovered Britain (2002), p. 16.

4. Daithi O’Hogain, The Celts: A History (2002), p. 1.

5. Ibid., p. 2.

6. Hodge, pp. 5, 190–193.

7. Heurgon, p. 13.

8. David Soren et. al., Carthage: Uncovering the Mysteries and Splendors of Ancient Tunisia (1990),

9. Politics, 3.1280, Rackham, Aristotle in 2} Volumes, vol. 21.

10. Heurgon, p. 13.

11. Arnaldo Momigliano, «An Interim Report on the Origins of Rome», Journal of Roman Studies 53:1–2 (1960), pp. 108–109.

12. Livy, Early History of Rome, 1.41–43.

13. Ibid., 1.47.

14. This quote and the following from Livy, Early History of Rome, 2.10.

15. Thomas Babington Macaulay, «Horatius: A Lay Made About the Year of the City CCCLX», строфа 27.

16. Polybius, The Rise of the Roman Empire (1979), 3.22.

17. Livy, Early History of Rome, 5.34.

18. O’Hogain, p. 2; Bernhard Maier, The Celts: A History from Earliest Times to the Present (2003), pp. 44–45.

19. Polybius, Rise of the Roman Empire, 2.17.

20. Maier, p. 24; O’Hogain, p. 7.

21. Cunliffe, pp. 19–20.

22. Epitome of the Philippic History, quoted in Maier, p. 38.

23. Mackay, pp. 26–28.

24. Livy, Early History of Rome, 2.17–19.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТЬДЕСЯТ ПЕРВАЯ. ЦАРСТВА И РЕФОРМАТОРЫ

1. Edgerton, p. 54.

2. Thapar, Early India, p. 152.

3. The Laws of Manu, translated by Georg Buhler (1970), 1.93–100.

4. Jan Y. Fenton et al., Religions of Asia (1993), pp. 46–48.

5. Thapar, Early India, pp. 146–148.

6. Rig Veda 10.90, in Edgerton, p. 68.

7. Wolpert, p. 39.

8. Thapar, Early India, p. 149.

9. Fenton et al., p. 90.

10. Из введения к: Jataka, 1.54, translated by Henry Clarke Warren in Buddhism in Translation (1896), pp. 56–61.

11. Quoted in Michael Carrithers, Buddha: A Very Short Introduction (2001), p. 46.

12. Ibid., p. 62.

13. Karen Armstrong, Buddha (2004), p. 9.

14. Ibid., p. xi.

15. A. L. Basham, The Wonder That Was India (1963), p. 47.

16. Thapar, Early India, p. 152.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТЬДЕСЯТ ВТОРАЯ. МОГУЩЕСТВО ДОЛГА И ИСКУССТВО ВОЙНЫ

1. Xueqin, p. 5.

2. Gai Shiqi, Zuozhuan Jishibenmuo, vol. 45 (1979), quoted in Xueqin, p. 170.

3. Ch’ien, p. 77.

4. Cho-yun Hsu, Ancient China in Transition: An Analysis of Social Mobility, 722–222 BC (1965), pp. 59–60.

5. Jonathan Clements, Confucius: A Biography (2004), pp. 10–15. Я благодарна мистеру Клементсу за сведение беспорядочных подробностей жизни Конфуция в единый хронологический список.

6. Clements, pp. 21–22.

7. James Legge, trans., The Sacred Books of the East, vol. 27: The Texts of Confucianism, Li Ki, I–X (1968), 17.9.6.

8. Ibid., 2.1.7.

9. Ibid., 3.2.1, 12.

10. James Legge, trans., Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean (1971),

7.19.

11. Ibid., 1.1.

12. Ibid., 3.1, 3.

13. Clements, p. 39.

14. Ch’ien, p. 787.

15. Jaroslav Prusek, Chinese Statelets and the Northern Barbarians in the Period 1400–300 BC (1971), p. 187.

16. Hsu, p. 69.

17. Sun-Tzu, The Art of War, translated by Lionel Giles (2002), 2.6.

18. Ibid., 3.2.

19. Ibid., 2.2–4.

20. Ibid., 1.18–19.

21. Ibid., 9.24, 26.

22. Quoted in Xueqin, p. 7.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТЬДЕСЯТ ТРЕТЬЯ. РАСШИРЕНИЕ ПЕРСИДСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ

1. Herodotus, 1.216.

2. Ibid., 1.214.

3. Ibid., 4.159.

4. Ibid., 2.161.

5. James Henry Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest (1906–1907), 4.1000, pp. 510–511.

6. Herodotus, 2.162.

7. Breasted, Ancient Records, 4.1003, p. 511.

8. Ibid., 4.1005, p. 512.

9. J. M. Cook, The Persian Empire (1983), p. 46.

10. Briant, p. 57.

11. Herodotus, 3.64–66.

12. J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 50.

13. Herodotus, 3.72.

14. Maria Brosius, trans, and ed., The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I (2000), p. 21.

15. Ibid., p. 48.

16. Ibid., p. 23.

17. J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 53.

18. Brosius, pp. 32–33.

19. Ezra 5:3–9, NIV.

20. Basham, p. 47.

21. Thapar, Early India, p. 154.

22. Keay, p. 67.

23. Ibid.

24. Thapar, Early India, p. 155.

25. Herodotus, 4.44.

26. Olmstead, History of the Persian Empire, p. 145; Herodotus, 3.94 and 4.44; Brosius, p. 40.

27. Olmstead, History of the Persian Empire, p. 145.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТЬДЕСЯТ ЧЕТВЕРТАЯ. ПЕРСИДСКИЕ ВОЙНЫ

1. Herodotus, 4.127.

2. Ibid., 4.64–65, 73–75.

3. Ibid., 4.89.

4. The Persians, in Aeschylus, The Complete Plays, vol. 2, translated by Carl R. Mueller (2002), p. 12

5. Herodotus, 4.126, 131.

6. Briant, p. 144.

7. Herodotus, 5.3.

8. Morkot, p. 65.

9. Peter Green, Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 BC: A Historical Biography (1991), pp. 1–2.

10. Herodotus, 5.18.

11. Waterfield, p. 51.

12. Solon 29, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 73; Athenian Constitution, in Rackhain, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 20, sees. 13–14.

13. Solon 29, in Plutarch, Grer Lives, p. 74.

14. Herodotus, 1.61.

15. Athenian Constitution, in Rackham, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 20, sec. 15.

16. Ibid., sec. 16.

17. Ibid., sec. 19

18. Lycurgus 16, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 26.

19. Pomeroy et al., p. 152.

20. Herodotus, 5.73.

21. Athenian Constitution, in Rackham, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 20, sec. 21.

22. Politics, in Rackham, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 21, 1302b; Buckley, p. 145.

23. Herodotus, 5.97.

24. Ibid., 5.96.

25. Ibid., 5.99.

26. Buckley, pp. 161–162.

27. H. T. Wallinga, «The Ancient Persian Navy and its Predecessors», in Achaemenid History I: Sources, Structures, and Synthesis, ed. Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg (1987), p. 69.

28. Herodotus, 5.102.

29. Herodotus, 5.103.

30. H. T. Wallinga, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, p. 69.

31. Herodotus, 6.17.

32. Herodotus, 6.19.

33. Herodotus, 6.112.

34. John Curtis, Ancient Persia (1990), p. 41.

35. Garthwaite, p. 36; Briant, p. 547.

36. H. T. Wallinga, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, p. 43; Shaw, p. 384.

37. M. Jameson, in Peter Green, Xerxes ofSalamis (Praeger, 1970), p. 98, quoted in Pomeroy et al.,

p. 194.

38. Pomeroy et al., p. 195.

39. Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 9, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

40. Aeschylus, The Complete Plays, pp. 139–140.

41. Ibid., p. 140.

42. Ibid., p. 142.

43. Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 16, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

44. Herodotus, 9.84.

45. H. T. Wallinga, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, p. 74.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТЬДЕСЯТ ПЯТАЯ. ПЕЛОПОНЕССКИЕ ВОЙНЫ

1. Aeschylus, Persians (1981), pp. 67–68.

2. Herodotus, 9.106.

3. Waterfield, p. 72.

4. Thucydides, 1.90.2.

5. Ibid., 1.93.2.

6. Ibid., 1.133–134.

7. Plutarch, Themistocles, sees. 19–21, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

8. Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 22, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

9. Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 29, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

10. Thucydides, 1.138.4; Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 31, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

11. Esther 2:12–16.

12. Herodotus, 9.585.

13. Brosius, p. 54.

14. Diodorus Siculus, 11.69.2–6.

15. J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 127.

16. Thucydides, 1.103.2.

17. Ibid., 1.99.4.

18. Ibid., 1.99.1–2.

19. Pericles 13, Plutarch, in Greek Lives, p. 156.

20. Thucydides, 1.108.4.

21. Pomeroy et al., p. 251.

22. Thucydides, 1.45.3.

23. Ibid., 1.50.2.

24. Ibid., 2.7.1.

25. Ibid., 2.43.1.

26. Ibid., 2.49.2–8.

27. Thucydides, 2.4.

28. Thucydides, 2.52.2–3.

29. J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 129.

30. Alcibiades 1–3, in Plutarch, Greek Lives.

31. Pomeroy et al., p. 306.

32. Buckley, p. 388.

33. Pomeroy et al., p. 309.

34. Thucydides, 7.51.1.

35. Ibid., 7.84.2–5, 85.1.

36. Aristophanes, Lysistrata (1912), p. 1.

37. Alcibiades 24, in Plutarch, Greek Lives.

38. Thucydides, 8.78.

39. Alcibiades 35, in Plutarch, Greek Lives.

40. Alcibiades 37, in Plutarch, Greek Lives.

41. Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.2.10, translated by Peter Krentz.

42. Waterfield, p. 209; Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.2.23; Victor Davis Hanson, in Thucydides, p. 549.

43. Waterfield, p. 210.

44. Athenian Constitution, in Rackham, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 20, p. 35.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТЬДЕСЯТ ШЕСТАЯ. ПЕРВОЕ РАЗГРАБЛЕНИЕ РИМА

1. Livy, Early History of Rome, 2.21.

2. Ibid., 2.24.

3. Mackay, p. 34.

4. Livy, Early History of Rome, 2.23.

5. Ibid., 2.32.

6. Ibid., 2.32.

7. Ibid., 3.35.

8. Ibid., 3–333.

9. Частично основано на: Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources, vol. 3: The Roman World (1901), pp. 9–11.

10. Livy, Early History of Rome, 5.21.

11. Ibid., 5.32.

12. Ibid., 5.36.

13. Ibid., 5.38.

14. Ibid., 5.41.

15. Ibid., 5.47.

16. Cunliffe, pp. 21–22.

17. Livy, Early History of Rome, 5.55.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТЬДЕСЯТ СЕДЬМАЯ. ВОЗВЫШЕНИЕ ЦИНЬ

1. Ch’ien, p. 79.

2. Fairbank and Goldman, p. 54.

3. J. J. L. Duyvendak, trans., in his introduction to The Book of Lord Shang: A Classic of the Chinese School of Law (1928), p. 1.

4. Ch’ien, p. 108.

5. Cotterell, China, p. 53.

6. Shih chi 68, translated in Duyvendak, p. 14.

7. Ibid., p. 15.

8. Ibid., p. 16.

9. Shih chi 68, translated in Cotterell, China, p. 55.

10. Shu-Ching Lee, «Agrarianism and Social Upheaval in China», American Journal of Sociology 56:6 (1951), p. 513.

11. The Book of Lord Shang, translated by Duyvendak, p. 180.

12. Shih chi 68, in Duyvendak, p. 16.

13. Shih chi 68, in Cotterell, China, p. 57.

14. Shih chi 69, in Duyvendak, pp. 16–17.

15. Ibid., p. 17.

16. Ch’ien, p. 79.

17. Franz Michael, China Through the Ages: History of a Civilization (1986), p. 48.

18. Mencius, I.A.7.

19. Fairbank and Goldman, pp. 53–54.

20. Quoted in Michael, pp. 49–50.

21. «Giving Away a Throne», in The Complete Works ofChuang Tzu, translated by Burton Watson (1968), n.p.

22. «Discussion on Making All Things Equal», in Watson, The Complete Works ofChuang Tzu.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТЬДЕСЯТ ВОСЬМАЯ. МАКЕДОНСКИЕ ЗАВОЕВАТЕЛИ

1. Pomeroy et al., pp. 327–328.

2. Scene 1, in Aristophanes, The Birds and Other Plays, translated by David Barrett and Alan H.

Sommerstein (2003), p. 221.

3. Scene 3, Ibid., p. 257.

4. J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 212.

5. Plutarch, Artaxerxes, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation.

6. Xenophon, The Persian Expedition (also known as Anabasis) 1.1, translated by Rex Warner (1972),

p. 56.

7. Эти подробности о Ктесии использованы Диодором Сицилийским, см. введение Джорджа Коквелла (George Cawkwell) к уорнеровскому переводу Ксенофонта: Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, p. 40.

8. Plutarch, Artaxerxes, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, p. 646.