14
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 14.
15
Wind in Power, 2014 European Statistics, February 2015, The European Wind Energy Association, p. 6.
16
http://www.greentechlead.com/news/renewable-energy-outperforms-natural-gas-u-s-2014–21395
17
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421514003747
18
G8+5 Academies’ joint statement: Climate change and the transformation of energy technologies for a low carbon future.
19
Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/
20
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/2015-begins-with-co2-above-400-ppm-mark/
21
Redrawing the Energy-Climate Map, Executive Summary, World Energy Outlook Special Report, IEA 2013, p. 1.
22
http://sedac.ipcc-data.org/ddc/ar5_scenario_process/RCPs.html
23
http://www.iea.org/publications/scenariosandprojections/
24
http://350.org/about/science/
25
Рифкин Д. Третья промышленная революция. Как горизонтальные взаимодействия меняют экономику, энергетику и мир в целом. – М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2014. – С. 28.
26
Kepler Cheuvreux, ESG Sustainability Research, Stranded assets, fossilised revenues, 24 April 2014.
27
http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21587782-europes-electricity-providers-face-existential-threat-how-lose-half-trillion-euros
28
http://www.pv-tech.org/news/are_utilities_facing_a_perfect_storm_from_disruptive_renewables
29
http://reneweconomy.com.au/2013/darwin-69517
30
2015 Energy Tomorrow, p. 17, www.api.org
31
http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/01/17/1-big-oil-company-that-sees-a-future-in-renewable.aspx
32
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015–04–01/china-s-fuel-demand-to-peak-sooner-than-oil-giants-expect
33
Вестник АН СССР. 1976. № 1. С. 34–43. Цит. по: http://vivovoco.astronet.ru/VV/PAPERS/KAPITZA/KAP_10.HTM
34
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 101.
35
Ibid., p. 15.
36
IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 75.
37
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 48.
38
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 5, www.ise.fraunhofer.de
39
Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 5.
40
Ibid., p. 18.
41
http://energy-fresh.ru/solarenergy/tendencii/?id=3558
42
http://s01.static-shell.com/content/dam/shell-new/local/corporate/corporate/downloads/pdf/NewLensScenario/nls-web-russian-brochure.pdf, с. 67.
43
http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/solar_cell.htm
44
http://investor.firstsolar.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=864426
45
http://investor.firstsolar.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=833971
46
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 6, www.ise.fraunhofer.de
47
https://energy.stanford.edu/news/perovskites-provide-big-boost-silicon-solar-cells-stanford-study-finds
48
Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 12.
49
http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-and-media/press-releases/presseinformationen-2013/world-record-solar-cell-with-44.7-efficiency
50
Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 30.
51
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 7, www.ise.fraunhofer.de
52
http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/10/21/trends-in-silver-demand-by-the-solar-photovoltaic-industry/
53
http://www.caseyresearch.com/articles/a-photovoltaic-silver-bull-in-china
54
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024813004455
55
Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 18.
56
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024813004455
57
http://info.cat.org.uk/questions/pv/what-environmental-impact-photovoltaic-pv-solar-panels
58
Fthenakis, V. and Alsema, E. (2006), Photovoltaics energy payback times, greenhouse gas emissions and external costs: 2004 – early 2005 status. Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl., 14: 275–280.
59
https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/hgp_umweltkosten.pdf
60
Fraunhofer ISE, Aktuelle Fakten zur Photovoltaik in Deutschland, 16.10.2014, S. 5.
61
http://reneweconomy.com.au/2013/solar-milestone-1000000-pv-systems-installed-in-australia-44201
62
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 47.
63
http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/china-unveils-15-gw-solar-target_100018005/#axzz3QOkpZa5r
64
Житомирский С. В. Архимед: Пособие для учащихся. – М.: Просвещение, 1981. – С. 38.
65
IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 99.
66
http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/google-cans-solar-energy-project/
67
IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 99.
68
http://www.lazard.com/insights. Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis – Version 8.0, p. 2.
69
Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 5.
70
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/may/26/solarpower-renewableenergy
71
Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 23.
72
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 63.
73
http://landartgenerator.org/blagi/archives/127
74
The World Wind Energy Association (2014), 2014 Half-year Report, WWEA. p. 1–8.
75
http://cleantechnica.com/2015/02/10/global-wind-industry-grows-44–2014/
76
http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/facts/
77
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 16.
78
http://www.dw.de/wind-power-fuels-transition-to-renewable-energy/a-18224739
79
http://www.dw.de/wind-power-fuels-transition-to-renewable-energy/a-18224739
80
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 63.
81
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/01/07/3608898/denmark-sets-world-record-for-wind-power/
82
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 58.
83
http://thecontributor.com/environment/how-wind-met-all-denmark%E2%80%99s-electricity-needs-90-hours
84
http://www.earth-policy.org/press_room/C68/wind_power_fact_sheet
85
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/feb/17/worlds-biggest-offshore-windfarm-approved-for-yorkshire-coast
86
http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/facts/
87
Учитываются затраты, связанные с производством, транспортировкой, установкой и последующей утилизацией. Опубликованное в 2014 г. подробное исследование двух действующих ветряных турбин на западе США показало результат 5,2 и 6,4 месяца, см.: http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/turbines.pdf
88
http://awwi.org/resources/summary-of-wind-wildlife-interactions-2/#section-summary-of-windwildlife-interactions
89
Offshore wind in Europe / Walking the tightrope to success, EY, March 2015, p. 9.
90
Global potential for wind-generated electricity http://www.pnas.org/content/106/27/10933.abstract
91
См.: Reinventing Fire. Chelsea Green Publishing, p. 199.
92
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 56.
93
http://www.dw.de/globaler-trend-hin-zu-erneuerbarer-energie/a-16519172
94
http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n8/fig_tab/nclimate2269_T1.html
95
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/12/obama-wind-power-report-energy-department/70160824/
96
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 32.
97
Ibid., p. 18.
98
Medium-term renewable energy market report 2014, Executive summary, IEA, p. 13.
99
Wood Markets Monthly International Report, Volume 16, Number 10, December 2011-January 2012
100
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 33.
101
Pellet market overview report Europe. WIP renewable energies, p. 9.
102
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 33.
103
http://www.stat.fi/til/ehk/2013/ehk_2013_2014–12–10_tie_001_en.html
104
http://cleantechies.com/2013/11/05/more-and-more-french-households-burn-wood-for-heating/
105
http://www.sdw.de/waldwissen/wald-in-deutschland/waldanteil/
106
http://bioenergycrops.com/blog/2014/11/06/biomass-largest-plant-projected-belgium-215mw/
107
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 107.
108
http://www.iinas.org/gemis.html
109
http://www.depi.de/media/filebase/files/infothek/images/DEPI_Emissionsbilanz_von_Brennstoffen.jpg
110
Biogas Barometer, Eurobserv’er, November 2014, p. 7.
111
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2014/11/biogas-at-home-a-renewable-no-brainer?cmpid=rss
112
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2014/11/biogas-at-home-a-renewable-no-brainer?cmpid=rss
