Читаем без скачивания Английский язык. Практический курс для решения бизнес-задач - Нина Пусенкова

Keys to Exercises

Lesson 1

Exercise 5.levers, workforce, performance, command-and-control, delivers, environment, decision-making, delegation of authority, salary, fringe benefits, remuneration, driver, gain, adhere, assumption, job satisfaction, hygiene, extrinsic, challenging, rewards, value, needs

Lesson 2

Exercise 3.It is generally believed that stakeholders include employees, shareholders, creditors, suppliers, customers, competitors, government bodies, non-governmental organizations (particularly environmental organizations) and local communities.

Exercise 6.innovation, decision making, opportunities, founder, chains of command, channels of communication, accountable, multi-disciplined teams, associates, sponsors, objectives, skills, environment, credibility, drive, contribution, appointed, emerge, adhere, fairness, scope of responsibility, commitments, image

Lesson 3

Exercise 2.The following statements are incorrect: 3, 4, 6, 9, 10.

Exercise 5.manufacturer, designs, development, planners, engineers, showrooms, sales, focus, market share, delivering, competitive, customer, loyal, competitors, innovative, interviewed, launched, quality

Lesson 4

Exercise 4.employment, retirement, remuneration, promotions, appraisal, welfare, seniority, minority, staff, flexibility, operating costs, tasks, generalist, rotate, training, key performance indicators, recruitment, operational level, efficiency, commitment, focus, hands-on, trouble shooter, subordiante, development, decision making, embedded, values

Lesson 5

Exercise 3.Henry Ford – 5, Pavel Tretiakov – 2, Lee Iacocca – 3, Steve Jobs – 1, Vagit Alekperov – 5.

Exercise 4.CEO, transformed, market value, innovations, legacy, division, payroll, layoffs, focused, efficiency, cost structure, acquire, problem solving, differentiating, job evaluations, staff, rewarded, closing deals, leadership, reducing costs, launched, customers, suppliers base

Lesson 6

Exercise 2. value, estimate, assess, appraise, evaluate, rate

Exercise 4. execs, profits, performance, CEOs, revamped, underachieving, strategic decisions, pursue, overrated, brand, R&D team, outsourcing, price wars, value, shares, rebound, revenues, trends, shareholders, counterpart, growth, installations, approach, acquisition, shareholder value, deal, bid, competitor, fail, drive, boom, market niche, communications, failure, single-digit, stock price, stability, competition, cut costs

Lesson 7

Exercise 3.aim, target, end, task, objective, goal, mission, purpose

Exercise 4.progresses, marketing strategy, marketing mix, product awareness, branding, patents, trademarks, low penetration pricing, market share, high «skimming» pricing, development costs, selective, innovators, early adopters, communications, brand preference, features, demand, audience, diminishes, objective, maximizing, differentiate, incentives, focuses, maintain, reduce costs, loyal niche segment, discontinue, inventory

Lesson 8

Exercise 1.The following statements are not correct: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10.

Exercise 2.make-and-sell marketing, sense-and-respond marketing, mass marketing, customized marketing, transaction marketing, relationship marketing, mediated marketing, direct marketing, single-channel marketing, multichannel marketing, product-centric marketing, customer-centric marketing, segment marketing, niche marketing, one-to-one marketing, Web marketing, database marketing, telemarketing, experiential marketing

Exercise 3.measure, performance, apply, superior, strategic management, evaluate, industry, develop, adopt, one-off, challenge, competitive, data, references, design, implementation, objectives, scope, support, approach, identify, surveys, implement, pilot, strategies, compete, focuses, perform, achieve, ranging, misunderstanding

Lesson 9

Exercise 3. corporate strategy, core, core competence, lower cost, consolidate, adapt, skills, portfolio, primacy, corporation business units, add value, competence building, access, perceived, competitors, enhancement, focus, world leadership, identified, perform, share

Lesson 10

Exercise 5.business strategy, fragmented, player, concentrated, strategic planning, predict, goal, intelligence, range, strategy decisions, drive, response profile, offensive, defensive, estimated, leverage

Lesson 11

Exercise 2.1. focused, 2. outcome, 3. drivers, 4. implemented, 5. objective, 6. incurred, 7. link, 8. customized

Exercise 4.tools, capability, performance, defect, morale, measure, pioneered, focuses, deviations, critical, variation, stability, delivering, perfection, number, figure, eliminate, zero-defects, origin, training, responsibility, supervise, scope, goals, implement, sponsors, objectives, occurrence, data, mapped, verified, identifying, effective, controls, sustain

Lesson 12

Exercise 2. Statements 1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13 are not correct.

Exercise 3. 1. message, 2. cost of capital, 3. dividend, 4. performance, 5. peer, 6. NPV, 7. appreciation, 8. economic profit, 9. stock market

Exercise 4.corporate value, segments, worldwide, applied, goal-driven, decentralized, gaps, target, budgeted, reporting, linked, proactive, earning power, cost of capital, rate of return, profitability, benchmark, bonus, remuneration, performance, expansion, business units, withdrawal, entry, value generators, cash providers, dividend, core

Lesson 13

Exercise 2. 1. takeover; 2. outsider; 3. venture; 4. stock exchange; 5. volatility; 6. collusion; 7. bribe; 8. sophisticated

Exercise 4.balance of power, shifted, provided, independent, accounting scandal, run, destroy, consolidate, helm, appreciate, lawyers relations, shareholder value, expertise, shareholders, exercised, attitude, mentality, liability, failures, effectively, bankrupt, claims, auditors cooperation, outside, investigate, blame, motto, treatment, transactions, environment, fundamental, turnaround, corporate governance, stock options, competitive, performance, stock prices, abuses, set, fees, quality, issues, deals, regulators, micromanagement, risk averse, boards, downsizing, charge, advisors, consensus

Lesson 14

Exercise 2. 1. bankrupt, 2. auditor, 3. competitor, 4. merger, 5. scholarship, 6. commitment, 7. offset, 8. suit. 9. core, 10. provision

Exercise 5. bonuses, board, staff, competitiveness, checks and balances, fiscal, decisions, profits, corruption, hiring, human resources, recruiters, job, managers, environment, monitoring, basics, enforce, vision, units, employee-evaluation, ranking, downgrading, division, fire, rating, values, Task Force, failed, rules, demand, deal, background, trading, endorsed, consulting, hands-off, skills, executives, experience, run, financial statements

Lesson 15

Exercise 2.1. community, 2. fiduciary, 3. constituent, 4. procedure, 5. outcome, 6. expertise, 7. covenant, 8. endorse, 9. bylaw

Exercise 4.fraud, corporate governance, remuneration, stock options, executives, accounts, failed, boards, audit, auditors, credit rating, analysts, SEC, investment banks, deals, checks and balances, reporting, effectiveness, independence, chairman, conflicts of interest, issues, senior, best practice, responsibility, managing risks, accountability, embedded, quality, competence, staff, threat, malfeasance, whistleblowers, procedure, HR, mitigate, ethical, internal, domestic, operate, compliance, scope, discretion, empowerment, approach, values, scheme, principle, accountancy, focus, IT, background, expenses claims, security, controls

Lesson 16

Exercise 2.1. obligation, 2. sensitive, 3. supranational, 4. charity, 5. welfare, 6. litigation, 7. fine, 8. morale

Exercise 4.contribution, operations, employment, staff, downsizing, local content, expenditures, remuneration, statutory, allowance, bribes, corruption, facilitation, integrity, soliciting, dismissed, bidding, target, breaches, behalf, complaint, environmental, emissions, impacts, installations, certification, occupational safety, developing and emerging, competition, procedure, violate, training, completed, guilty, infringed, cartels, fines, fair trading, bids, defense, contested

Lesson 17

Exercise 2.pure competition, perfect competition, cutthroat competition, intense competition, moderate competition, weak competition, price competition, competition for customers, industry competition

Exercise 4. profitability, attractiveness, positioned, superior, leveraging, generic, business unit, low cost, profit, rivals, average, price war, matures, cost advantage, efficiencies, sustain, improves, leapfrog, targeting, segments, attributes, customers, value added, premium, incurred, suppliers, pass along, substitute, imitation, pursuing, narrow, loyalty, bargaining, target, broad-market, sub-segment, compatible, attempts, long term, «stuck in the middle»

Lesson 18

Exercise 2.The following statements are not correct: 2, 3, 5, 8, 9.

Exercise 4.fair, sue, media, governments, stake, major, privatization, investment, risks, players, outbid, investors, favorite, rumored, bid, backing, CEO, decision, analysts, access, replacement, alliance, know-how, equity, partnership, agreement, rights, deal, starting, stock, trading, boost, image, community, treatment, claims, majority, renationalized, stability, property, campaign, unpredictable

Lesson 19

Exercise 2.1. Seed Capital. 2. Startup. 3. First Stage. 4. Second Stage. 5. Third Stage. 6. Mezzanine Financing. 7. Private Placement. 8. Dilution. 9. Due Diligence. 10. Feasibility Study. 11. Equity Stake. 12. Sweat Equity.

Exercise 3.The following statements are not correct: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9.

Exercise 4.agricultural, Apples, advantages, «science parks», attributed, institutions of higher education, hiring, faculty, recruit, cutting-edge, applications, marketplace, funds, equipment, commercialize, rent, fledgling, agglomeration, efforts, core, start up, semiconductor, revolutionized, scholars, founded, resign, manufacture, developed, pattern, outside, offshoots, government, underestimated, relocation, contractor, defence, procurement, highly qualified, rise, frontier, launched, trailblazers, communities, ventures, rewards, entrepreneurs, competing, rival, hierarchies, decentralization, autonomy, hi-tech, VC, IPO

Lesson 20

Exercise 2. repair, renew, retool, refurbish, revamp, revive, restore, refresh, refit, rehabilitate, recover, renovate, rationalize, reshape, upgrade

Exercise 3. 1. Crown Jewel. 2. Golden Parachute. 3. Greenmail. 4. Killer Bees. 5. Lobster Trap. 6. Maiden. 7. Nancy Reagan Defense. 8. Pac Man. 9. Parking. 10. Poison Pill. 11. Raider. 12. Safe Harbor. 13. Scorched Earth Defense. 14. Shark Repellents. 15. Stripper. 16. Suicide Pill. 17. White Knight.

Exercise 4. corporate finance, due diligence, shareholder value, swap, entity, «demerger», debt, acquiring, equity interest, high-yield, leveraged buyout, risk, third parties, cost of capital, borrower, shareholder’s equity, economies of scale, overlapping, capturing, cross selling, accounts, complementary, synergy, loss maker, write-offs, diversification, conservative, deliver value, downturn, portfolios, unmanageable, profile, empire building, remuneration, incentive

Lesson 21

Exercise 2.1. bull market, 2. current account, 3. default, 4. emerging markets, 5. globalization, 6. International Financial Corporation, 7. monetary policy, 8. systemic risk, 9. World Bank.

Exercise 3.

Counterparty risk – risk that a counterparty to a purchase or sale may fail to discharge his obligations.

Country (sovereign) risk – the hazard that political risk may arise in the country of operations.

Credit (repayment) risk – risk of a payer’s or a borrower’s failure to meet commitments.

Currency (exchange, trading, translation, transaction) risk – the risk, attaching to securities deals denominated in foreign currencies, that unforeseen exchange rate changes may affect balance-sheet value in the home currency or income amounts in the home currency.

Default risk – risk of a counterparty’s failure to make payments or repayments of interest or principal on the due date.

Delivery risk – risk that a party to a deal fails to make the contracted delivery.

Inflation risk – risk of devaluation of assets or incomes because of price hikes.

Interest rate risk – risk of losses because of changes in interest rates.

Liquidity risk – the risk in securities trading that the price of a security may fluctuate excessively owing to the lack of a sufficient volume of trading in the market.

Market risk – risk that an asset price drops and its owner incurs losses while selling the asset.

Operational risk – risk of careless or unprofessional actions of management resulting in losses.

Political risk – the risk of an adverse change in official policy such as in regard to taxation, tariffs, quotas, currency control, foreign ownership, nationalization, interest rates, etc.

Price risk – risk of changes in commodity or financial instrument prices over time.

Reinvestment risk – uncertainty about the future level of returns and interest rates after the current investment expires.

Systematic risk – risk that is characteristic for all securities of a given class and cannot be eliminated through portfolio diversification.

Systemic risk – a situation when problems in any one financial institution or market may spread, widely endangering the whole system.