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{23} Hordell L., Calberg M., Hardell K., Bjornfoth H., Wickbom G., Ionescu M., «Decreased survival in pancreatic cancer patients with high concentrations of organochlorines in adipose tissue», Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2007, 61 (10), p. 659–664.

{24} ASEF-WWF, Imprégnation aux PCB des riverains du Rhône, mai 2008. Disponible sur: http://www.asef-asso.fr/index.php?option=com_ content &view = article & id = 10: letude & catid = 4: etude-sur-les-pcb & Itemid = 56 (consulté le 08 mars 2010).

{25} Leblanc J.-C. (éd.), Etude Calipso, op. cit.

{26} AFSSA, «Le poisson sous haute surveillance», À propos. Le magazine d’information de l’Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments, 2008, 23, p. 2–6. Disponible sur: http://www.afssa.fr/Documents/APR-mg-aPropos23.pdf (consulté le 08 mars 2010).

{27} Ibid.

{28} Leblanc J.-C. (éd.), Etude Calipso, op. cit.

{29} Ibid.

{30} AFSSA, Consommation de poisson et méthylmercure, communiqué de presse du 25 juillet 2006. Disponible sur: http://www.afssa.fr/ Documents/PRES2006CP013.pdf (consulté le 8 mars 2010).

{31} Hites R. A., Foran J. A., Carpenter D. O., Hamilton C. M., Knuth B. A., Schwager S. J., «Global assessment of organic contaminants in farmed salmon», Science, 2004, 303 (5655), p. 226–229.

{32} AFSSA, communiqué de presse de L’AFSSA suite à la publication d’une étude sur L’Analyse globale des contaminants chimiques dans le saumon d’élevage, 9 janvier 2004. Disponible sur: http://agriculture.gouv. fr/sections/presse/communiques/communique-de-presse-de-l-afssa-suite-a-la-publication-d-une-etude-sur-l-analyse-globale-des-contaminants-chimiques-dans-le (consulté le 8 mars 2010).

{33} WHO, PCBs and Dioxins in Salmon. Organochlorine Contamination of Salmon, 2004. Disponible sur: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/ pcbsal-mon/en/print.html (consulté le 8 mars 2010).

{34} EFSA, Avis du groupe scientifique sur les contaminants de la chaîne alimentaire, op. cit.

{35} Kaushik S., «Les dioxines et les PCB chez le poisson», op. cit.

{36} AFSSA, «Le poisson sous haute surveillance», op. cit.

{37} Leblanc J.-C. (éd.), Etude Calipso, op. cit.

{1} CIV, Niveau de consommation de viande en France. Disponible sur: http://www.civ-viande.org/4—139-nutrition-niveau-de-consommation-de-viande-en-france.html (consulté le 20 mars 2010).

{2} World Cancer Research Fund, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective, op. cit.

{3} Ibid.

{4} Ibid.

{5} Willett W. C., Stampfer M. J., Colditz G. A., Rosner B. A., Speizer F. E., «Relation of meat, fat, and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer in a prospective Study among women», N. Engl. J. Med, 1990, 323 (24), p. 1664–1672.

{6} Wei E. K., Giovannucci E., Wu K., Rosner B., Fuchs C. S., Willett W. C., Colditz G. A., «Comparison of risk factors for colon and rectal cancer», Int. J. Cancer, 2004, 108 (3), p. 433–442.

{7} Ibid.

{8} Goldbohm R. A., Van den Brandt P. A., Van’t Veer P., Brants H. A., Dorant E., Sturmans F., Hermus R. J., «A prospective cohort Study on the relation between meat consumption and the risk of colon cancer», Cancer Res, 1994, 54 (3), p. 718–723.

{9} Knekt P., Steineck G., Jarvinen R., Hakulinen T., Aromaa A., «Intake of fried meat and risk of cancer: A follow-up Study in Finland», Int. J. Cancer, 1994, 59 (6), p. 756–760.

{10} Gaard M., Tretli S., Loken E. B., «Dietary factors and risk of colon cancer: A prospective Study of 50,535 young Norwegian men and women», Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 1996, 5 (6), p. 445–454.

{11} Norat T., Bingham S., Ferrari P., Slimani N., Jenab M., Mazuir M., Overvad K., Olsen A., Tjonneland A., Clavel F., Boutron-Ruault M. C., Kesse E., Boeing H., Bergmann M. M., Nieters A., Linseisen J., Trichopoulou A., Trichopoulos D., Tountas Y., Berrino F., Palli D., Panico S., Tumino R., Vineis P., Bueno-de-Mesquita H. B., Peeters P. H., Engeset D., Lund E., Skeie G., Ardanaz E., Gonzalez C., Navarro C., Quiros J. R., Sanchez M. J., Berglund G., Mattisson I., Hallmans G., Palmqvist R., Day N. E., Khaw K. T., Key T. J., San Joaquin M., Hémon B., Saracci R., Kaaks R., Riboli E., «Meat, fish, and colorectal cancer risk: The European Prospective Investigation into cancer and nutrition», J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2005, 97 (12), p. 906–916.

{12} Truswell A. S., «Meat consumption and cancer of the large bowel», Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2002, 56, suppl. 1, p. 19–24.

{13} Larsson S. C., Wolk A., «Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective studies», Int. J. Cancer, 2006, 119 (11), p. 2657–2664.

{14} Ibid.

{15} Ibid.

{16} Gaard M., Tretli S., Loken E. B., «Dietary factors and risk of colon cancer: A prospective Study of 50,535 young Norwegian men and women», op. cit.

{17} AFSSA, «Table CIQUAL 2008», Composition nutritionnelle des aliments. Disponible sur: http://www.afssa.fr/TableCIQUAL/(consulté le 20 mars 2010).

{18} USDA, National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Disponible sur: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ (consulté le 20 mars 2010).

{19} AFSSA, «Table CIQUAL 2008», op. cit.

{20} USDA, National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, op. cit.

{21} CIV, Niveau de consommation de viande en France, op. cit.

{22} USDA, Profiling Food Consumption in America, 2002. Disponible sur: http://www.usda.gov/factbook/chapter2.htm (consulté le 20 mars 2010).

{23} AFSSA, «Table CIQUAL 2008», op. cit.

{24} USDA, National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, op. cit.

{25} AFSSA, Etude individuelle nationale des consommations alimentaires 2 (INCA 2) 2006–2007, 2009. Disponible sur: http://www.afssa.fr/ Documents/PASER-Ra-INCA2.pdf (consulté le 15 mars 2010).

{26} USDA, USDA Economis Research Service. Disponible sur: http:// www.ers.usda.gov/Browse/view.aspx?subject=AnimalProducts (consulté le 29 mars 2010).

{27} CIV, Niveau de consommation de viande en France, op. cit.

{28} Cross A. J., Pollock J. R. A., Bingham S. A., «Haem, not protein or inorganic iron, is responsible for endogenous intestinal N-nitrosation arising from red meat», Cancer Research, 2003, 63, p. 2358–2360.

{29} Nelson R. L., «Iron and colorectal cancer risk: Human studies», Nutr. Rev., 2001, 59 (5), p. 140–148.

{30} Vano Y.-A., Rodrigues M.-J., Schneider S.-M., «Lien épidémiologique entre comportement alimentaire et cancer: exemple du cancer colorectal», Bulletin du cancer, 2009, 96 (6), p. 647–658.

{31} Lipkin M., «Biomarkers of increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancer: New application to studies of cancer prevention in human subjects», Cancer Res., 1988, 48 (2), p. 235–245.

{32} Sesink A. L., Termont D. S., Kleibeuker J. H., Van der Meer R., «Red meat and colon cancer: The cytotoxic and hyperproliferative effects of dietary heme», Cancer Res., 1999, 59 (22), p. 5704–5709.

{33} Sesink A. L., Termont D. S., Kleibeuker J. H., Van der Meer R., «Red meat and colon cancer: Dietary haem-induced colonic cytotoxicity and epithelial hyperproliferation are inhibited by calcium», Carcinogenesis, 2001, 22 (10), p. 1653–1659.

{34} Larsson S. C., Wolk A., «Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective studies», op. cit.

{35} World Cancer research Fund, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective, op. cit.

{36} Ibid.

{1} Wollowski I., Rechkemmer G., Pool-Zobel B. L., «Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer», Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2001, 73 (2), suppl., p. 451S—455S.

{2} Lomer M. C., Parkes G. C., Sanderson J. D., «Review article: Lactose intolerance in clinical practice – myths and realities», Aliment Pharmacol. Ther., 2008, 27, p. 93—103.

{3} Liong M. T., «Roles of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer prevention: Postulated mechanisms and in vivo evidence», Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2008, 9 (5), p. 854–863.

{4} Ibid.

{5} Wollowski I., Rechkemmer G., Pool-Zobel B. L., «Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer», op. cit.

{6} Ibid.

{7} Ibid.

{8} Lomer M. C., Parkes G. C., Sanderson J. D., «Review article: Lactose intolerance in clinical practice – myths and realities», op. cit.

{9} Lomer M. C., Parkes G. C., Sanderson J. D., «Review article: Lactose intolerance in clinical practice – myths and realities», op. cit.

{10} Teneur en lactose de différents aliments. Disponible sur: http://www. sans-lactose.com/pg, teneur-en-lactose-de-differents-aliments, teneur, 0,1. jsp (consulté le 29 mars 2010).

{11} Ibid.

{12} Swagerty D. L. Jr, Walling A. D., Klein R. M., «Lactose intolerance», Am. Fam. Physician, 2002, 65 (9), p. 1845–1850.

{13} Ibid.

{14} Torniainen S., Hedelin M., Autio V., Rasinperà H., Bàlter K. A., Klint A., Bellocco R., Wiklund F., Stattin P., Ikonen T., Tammela T. L., Schleutker J., Gronberg H., Jàrvelà I., «Lactase persistence, dietary intake of milk, and the risk for prostate cancer in Sweden and Finland», Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 2007, 16 (5), p. 956–961.

{15} Chan J. M., Jou R. M., Caroll P. R., «The relative impact and future burden of prostate cancer in the United States», J. Urol., 2004, 172, p. S13—16; discussion S17.

{16} Ahn J., Albanes D., Peters U., Schatzkin A., Lim U., Freedman M., Chatterjee N., Andriole G. L., Leitzmann M. F., Hayes R. B., «Dairy products, calcium intake, and risk of prostate cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial», Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev, 2007, 16 (12), p. 2623–2630.

{17} AFSSA, «Table CIQUAL 2008», op. cit.

{18} Kesse E., Boutron-Ruault M. C., Norat T., Riboli E., Clavel-Chapelon F., «Dietary calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer among French women of the E3N-EPIC prospective Study», Int. J. Cancer, 2005, 117 (1), p. 137–144.

{19} Huncharek M., Muscat J., Kupelnick B., «Colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products: A meta-analysis of 26,335 cases from 60 observational studies», Nutr. Cancer, 2009, 61 (1), p. 47–69.

{20} Szilagyi A., Nathwani U., Vinokuroff C., Correa J. A., Shrier I., «Evaluation of relationships among national colorectal cancer mortality rates, genetic lactase non-persistence status, and per capita yearly milk and milk product consumption», Nutrition and Cancer, 2006, 55 (2), p. 151–156.

{21} Wollowski I., Rechkemmer G., Pool-Zobel B. L., «Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer», op. cit.

{22} World Cancer research Fund, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective, op. cit.

{1} PNNS, Fruits et légumes. Au moins 5 par jour. Disponible sur: http://www.mangerbouger.fr/menu-secondaire/manger-mieux-c-est-possible/les-9-reperes-essentiels/fruits-et-legumes-au-moins-5-par-jour. html (consulté le 19 mars 2010).

{2} World Cancer research Fund, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective, op. cit.

{3} Leverve W., Stress oxydant et antioxydants, 49e JAND, 2009. Disponible sur: http://www.jand.fr/opencms/export/sites/jand/data/ documents/Xavier_LEVERVE. pdf (consulté le 23 mars 2010).

{4} Fernandez-Panchon M. S., Villano D., Troncoso A. M., Garcia-Parrilla M. C., «Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds: from in vitro results to in vivo evidence», Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2008, 48 (7), p. 649–671.

{5} Roussel A. M., Qui manque d’antioxydants et comment le savoir? 49e JAND, 2009. Disponible sur: http://www.jand.fr/opencms/export/ sites/jand/data/documents/ROUSSEL.pdf (consulté le 23 mars 2010).

{6} EUFIC, La Couleur des fruits et légumes et la santé. Disponible sur: http://www.eufic.org/article/fr/rid/la-coleur-des-fruits-legumes-et-sante (consulté le 20 mars 2010).

{7} Ibid.

{8} World Cancer Research Fund, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective, op. cit.

{9} EUFIC, La Couleur des fruits et légumes et la santé, op. cit.

{10} Aprifel, Fiche par produit. Chou-vert. Disponible sur: http://www. aprifel.com/fiches, produits.php? p = 94 (consulté le 25 mars 2010).

{11} EUFIC, La Couleur des fruits et légumes et la santé, op. cit.

{12} Larsson S. C., Hakansson N., Naslund I., Bergkvist L., Wolk A., «Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to pancreatic cancer risk: A prospective study», Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 2006, 15 (2), p. 301–305.

{13} EUFIC, La Couleur des fruits et légumes et la santé, op. cit.

{14} Oaks B. M., Dodd K. W., Meinhold C. L., Jiao L., Church T. R., Stolzenberg-Solomon R. Z., «Folate intake, post-folic acid grain fortification, and pancreatic cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial», Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2010, 91 (2), p. 449–455.