de Castro, ‘Analfabetismo’, in
Enciclopedia Italiana, vol. 2,
Appendice (1948), online edition.
24. Diego Gambetta, ‘“In the Beginning Was the Word. .” The Symbols of the Mafia’, European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie / Europäisches Archiv für Soziologie, vol. 32 (1991), p. 64.
25. Цитируется по Nunzio Pernicone, Italian Anarchism, 1864–1892 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 120.
26. Цитируется по Pernicone, Italian Anarchism, p. 127.
27. Цитируется по Tullio de Mauro, Storia Linguistica dell’Italia Unita (Roma and Bari: Laterza, 1972), pp. 287–288.
28. См. Domenico Proietti, ‘Lorenzini, Carlo’, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, volume 66 (2006), online edition.
10. «Где же победа?»: Королевство Италия
1. Gianfausto Rosoli, ed., Un Secolo di Emigrazione Italiana, 1876–1976 (Rome: CSER, 1978), pp. 350 ff. For details about Gaetano Bresci, see Gian Domenico Zucca, ‘Appunti per una Biografia su Gaetano Bresci a Cento Anni dalla Morte’ (Brescia: Fondazione Biblioteca Archivio Luigi Micheletti, 2001), pp. 1–19.
2. Patrick J. Gallo, Ethnic Alienation: The Italian-Americans (Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1974), p. 26.
3. См. Jennifer Guglielmo and Salvatore Salerno, eds., Are Italians White? How Race Is Made in America (Abingdon, Oxon.: Routledge, 2003). Guglielmo discusses the use of guinea on p. 11.
4. Цитируется по Nunzio Pernicone, ‘The Case of Pietro Acciarito: Accomplices, Psychological Torture, and “Raison d’État”’, Journal for the Study of Radicalism, vol. 5 (Spring 2011), p. 67.
5. Об анархистах в Патерсоне см. Kenyon Zimmer, Immigrants Against the State: Yiddish and Italian Anarchism in America (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015), pp. 62–63.
6. Цитируется по Alfredo Canavero, Milano e la Crisi di Fine Secolo (1896–1900) (Milan: Unicopli, 1998), pp. 256–257.
7. The Times, 31 July 1900.
8. См. Zucca, ‘Appunti per una Biografia su Gaetano Bresci a Cento Anni dalla Morte’, p. 14.
9. Salvatore Ferragamo, Shoemaker of Dreams: The Autobiography of Salvatore Ferragamo (London: George Harrap & Co., 1957), p. 144.
10. Patrick J. Gallo, Ethnic Alienation, p. 25.
11. Ivan T. Berend, An Economic History of Nineteenth-Century Europe: Diversity and Industrialization (Cambrdige: Cambridge University Press, 2013), p. 227.
12. Francesco Saverio Nitti, La Conquista della Forza (Turin: Casa editrice nazionale, 1905), p. 231.
13. Futurism: An Anthology, eds. Lawrence Rainey, Christine Poggi and Laura Wittman (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 49, 67.
14. Цитируется по Christopher Duggan, The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008), pp. 376–377.
15. R.J.B. Bosworth, Italy, the Least of the Great Powers: Italian Foreign Policy before the First World War (London and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979).
16. Цитируется по Duggan, The Force of Destiny, p. 384.
17. Cesare Causa, La Guerra Italo-Turca e la Conquista della Tripolitania e della Cirenaica, 2nd ed. (Florence: Salani, 1913), p. 805.
18. Цитируется по Duggan, The Force of Destiny, p. 389.
19. Цитируется по Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed The World (New York: Random House, 2001), p. 296.
20. Цитируется по MacMillan, Paris 1919, p. 287.
21. Об истории статуи см. Martin M. Winkler, The Roman Salute: Cinema, History, Ideology (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2009).
22. См. Marc Raboy, Marconi: The Man Who Networked the World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 449–450.
23. Цитируется по Federico Nardelli and Arthur Livingstone, Gabriel the Archangel: Gabriele D’Annunzio (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1931), p. 315.
11. «Гниющий труп свободы»: Италия при фашизме
1. Цитируется по Emilio Gentile, ‘Mussolini, Benito’, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 77 (2012), online edition.
2. Opera Omnia di Benito Mussolini, eds. Edoardo and Duilio Susmel, 36 vols. (Florence: La Fenice, 1951–63), vol. 7, p. 71.
3. Цитируется по Michael R. Ebner, Ordinary Violence in Mussolini’s Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), p. 23.
4. Цитируется по Mark Robson, Italy: Liberalism and Fascism, 1870–1945 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1992), p. 51.
5. Opera Omnia di Benito Mussolini, vol. 19, p. 17.
6. Цитируется по Cosimo Ceccuti, Mussolini nel Giudizio dei Primi Antifascisti (Milan: Mondadori, 1983), p. 147.
7. См. R.J.B. Bosworth, Politics, Murder and Love in an Italian Family: The Amendolas in the Age of Totalitarianism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023).
8. Об истории термина см. Bruno Bongiovanni and John Rugman, ‘Totalitarianism: The Word and the Thing’, Journal of Modern European History / Zeitschrift für Moderne Europäische Geschichte / Revue d’Histoire Européenne Contemporaine, vol. 3 (2005), pp. 5–17.
9. Opera Omnia di Benito Mussolini, vol. 21, p. 362.
10. Цитируется по Jan Nelis, ‘Constructing Fascist Identity: Benito Mussolini and the Myth of “Romanità”’, The Classical World , vol. 100 (Summer 2007), p. 403.
11. Цитируется по Dietrich Neumann, ‘A Skyscraper for Mussolini’, AA Files (2014), p. 141.
12. Цитируется по Neumann, ‘A Skyscraper for Mussolini’, p. 143.
13. Цитируется по Aristotle Kallis, ‘“Framing” Romanità: The Celebrations for the Bimillenario Augusteo and the Augusteo-Ara Pacis Project’, Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 46 (October 2011), p. 831, n. 83.
14. Цитируется по Sergio Raffaelli, Le Parole Proibite: Purismo di Stato e Regolamentazione della Pubblicità in Italia (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1983), p. 128.
15. Цитируется по Augusto Torre, ‘Asse’, in Enciclopedia Italiana, Appendice (1948), online edition.
16. Цитируется по MacGregor Knox, Mussolini Unleashed: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy’s Last War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 1.
17. Цитируется по Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 6.
18. Eisenhower’s Protection of Cultural Monuments Order, 29 December 1943, National Archives, File: CAD 000.4 (3-25-43) (1), Sec. 2, Security Classified General Correspondence, 1943 – July 1949, General Records, Civil Affairs Division, Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs, RG 165.
19. Среди критиков: John Cornwell, Hitler’s Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII (New York: Viking, 1999); and Susan Zucotti, Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001). Среди защитников: Ronald J. Rychlak, Hitler, the War, and the Pope (Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor, 2000); David G. Dalin, ‘Pius XII and the Jews’, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, vol. 69 (October – November 2002), pp. 614–28; and idem., The Myth of Hitler’s Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis (Washington DC: Regnery Publishing, 2005). Dalin обсуждает памфлет Геббельса в ‘Pius XII and the Jews’, p. 622.
20. Цитируется по Stefania Costa and Anne Noon-Luminari, ‘Forced Motherhood in Italy’, Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, vol. 2 (Spring, 1977), p. 51.
21. См.
