Everyone Says?,” New Statesman America, September 19, 2014, https:// www. newstatesman. com/comment/2014/09/kids – are – alright – 0; Stephanie Hanes, “Becoming an Adult: Why More Adolescents Now Say ‘Don’t Rush Me,’ ” Christian Science Monitor, January 14, 2019, https://www. csmonitor. com/USA/Society/2019/ 0114/Becoming–an–adult–Why–more–adolescents–now–say–Don–t–rush–me; Tara Bahrampour, “Why Are Today’s Teens Putting Off Sex, Driving, Dating and Drinking?,” Chicago Tribune, September 19, 2017, https://www. chicagotribune. com / lifestyles/parenting/ct–teens–not–drinking–20170919 – story. html.
16 …посвящающих много времени видеоиграм – Niko Mдnnikkц, Heidi Ruotsalainen, Jouko Miettunen, Halley M. Pontes, and Maria Kääriäinen, “Problematic Gaming Behaviour and Health– Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta– Analysis,” Journal of Health Psychology, December 1, 2017, https://doi. org/10. 1177/ 1359105317740414.
17 …бесконечные подборки которых можно увидеть на YouTube – Supercut,” YouTube video, 7:21, posted by Kevin T. Porter, June 25, 2012, https://www. youtube. com/watch ? v = S78RzZr3IwI.
18 …были очень одинокими и душевно угнетенными людьми – “The Ten-Year Lunch: The Wit and Legend of the Algonquin Round Table,” Vimeo video, 55:48, directed by Aviva Slesin, written by Peter Foges and Mary Jo Kaplan, aired September 28, 1987, on PBS, https://vimeo. com/100320182.
19 …три попытки самоубийства – Carol Kort, A to Z of American Women Writers (New York: Facts on File, 2007), 245.
20 …одержим ненавистью к себе – Richard Meryman, Mank: The Wit, World, and Life of Herman Mankiewicz (New York: Morrow, 1978), 97.
21 В более поздних воспоминаниях Дороти Паркер написала… – Aubrey Malone, Writing Under the Influence: Alcohol and the Works of 13 American Authors (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2017), 46–47.
22 Джон Беркоу сказал корреспонденту BBC… – “Female MPs Shunning PMQs, Says John Bercow,” BBC, April 17, 2014, https://www. bbc. com/news/uk – politics – 27062577. popping up on their caller ID Dan Cassino, “How Today’s Political Polling Works,” Harvard Business Review, August 1, 2016, https://hbr. org/ 2016/08/ how – todays – political – polling – works.
23 …фальшивые аккаунты и боты… – Nicholas Confessore, Gabriel J. X. Dance, Richard Harris, and Mark Hansen, “The Follower Factory,” New York Times, January 27, 2018, https://www. nytimes. com/interactive/2018/01/27/ technology / social – media – bots. html; “A ‘Dirty and Open Secret’: Can Social Media Curb Fake Followers?,” Knowledge@Wharton podcast, Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, February 2, 2018, http:// knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/article/twitter–and–the–bots/.
24 …не принадлежат реальным людям – Janet Burns, “How Many Social Media Users Are Real People?,” Gizmodo, June 4, 2018, https://gizmodo. com/how – many – social – media – users – are – real – people – 1826447042; Onur Varol, Emilio Ferrara, Clayton A. Davis, Filippo Menczer, and Alessandro Flammini, “Online Human – Bot Interactions: Detection, Estimation, and Characterization,” International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM), March 27, 2017, https://arxiv. org/abs /1703. 03107; Chengcheng Shao, Pik– Mai Hui, Lei Wang, Xinwen Jiang, Alessandro Flammini, Filippo Menczer, and Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia, “Anatomy of an Online Misinformation Network,” PLOS One 13, no. 4 (2018): e0196087, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196087.
25 Одно исследование продемонстрировало, что 20% твитов, связанных с выборами в США в 2016 году, исходили от ботов – Alessandro Bessi and Emilio Ferrara, “Social Bots Distort the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Online Discussion,” First Monday 21, no. 11 (2016), http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5210/fm.v21i11.7090.
26 Проверка твиттер-аккаунтов музыкальных знаменитостей – Shea Bennet, “67% of Taylor Swift’s Twitter Followers are Bots, Says Study: An Audit of the Most Popular Musical Artists on Twitter Suggests They’re Mostly Followed by Non– Human Profiles,” Adweek, February 4, 2015, https://www. adweek. com/digital/twitter – bots – problem/; “The World’s Biggest Music Stars: Who’s Faking It on Twitter?,” Music Business Worldwide, January 31, 2015, https://www. musicbusinessworldwide. com/katy – perry – justin – bieber – and – lady – gaga – whos – faking – it – on – twitter/.
27 Правило интернет-культуры «90-9-1» – Trevor van Mierlo, “The 1% Rule in Four Digital Health Social Networks: An Observational Study,” Journal of Medical Internet Research 16, no. 2 (2014), https://doi. org /10. 2196 / jmir. 2966; Bradley Carron-Arthura, John A. Cunningham, and Kathleen M. Griffith, “Describing the Distribution of Engagement in an Internet Support Group by Post Frequency: A Comparison of the 90– 9– 1 Principle and Zipf’s Law,” Internet Interventions 1, no. 4 (2014): 165– 168, https://doi. org/10.1016/ j. invent. 2014. 09. 003; Ling Jiang, Kristijan Mirkovski, Jeffrey D. Wall, Christian Wagner, and Paul Benjamin Lowry, “Proposing the Core Contributor Withdrawal Theory (CCWT) to Understand Core Contributor Withdrawal from Online Peer – Production Communities,” Internet Research 28, no. 4 (2018): 988–1028, https://doi. org/10.1108 / IntR – 05 – 2017 – 0215.
28 …подавляющее большинство остается безмолвным – Bora Zivkovic, “Commenting Threads: Good, Bad, or Not At All,” A Blog Around the Clock (blog), Scientific American, January 28, 2013, https://blogs. scientificamerican. com/a–blog–around–the–clock/commenting–threads–good–bad–or–not–at–all/; Nate Cohn and Kevin Quealy, “The Democratic Electorate on Twitter Is Not the Actual Democratic Electorate,” New York Times, April 9, 2019, https://www. nytimes. com/ interactive/2019/04/08/ upshot/democratic–electorate–twitter–real–life. html.
29 Это напоминало комиксы из The New Yorker – Tom Toro, “Behold, as I Guide Our Conversation to My Narrow Area of Expertise, ” New Yorker, March 2, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/cartoon/a20667.
Глава 2. Ощущение синхронности: неврология умения слушать
30 …поставил себе «личную задачу больше говорить с людьми…» – Mark Zuckerberg’s Facebook page, posted January 3, 2017, https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103385178272401.
31 …его окружал эскорт из восьми помощников – Reid J. Epstein and Deepa Seetharaman, “Mark Zuckerberg Hits the Road to Meet Regular Folks – With a Few Conditions,” Wall Street Journal, July 12, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/mark-zuckerberg-hits-the-road–to-meet-regular-folkswith-a-few-conditions-1499873098.
32 Среди наиболее часто упоминаемых характеристик плохих слушателей… – Lynn Cooper and Trey Buchanan, “Taking Aim at Good Targets: Inter– Rater Agreement of Listening Competency,” International Journal of Listening 17, no. 1 (2003): 88– 114, https://doi. org/10.1108/IntR–05–2017–0215.
33 …чутко реагируем на человеческий голос – Pascal Belin, Shirley Fecteau, and Catherine Bedard, “Thinking the Voice: Neural Correlates of Voice Perception,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8, no. 3 (2004): 129–
