lvii; J. Hackett, 'Roger Bacon on Scientia Experimentalis,' in
Roger Bacon and the Sciences (см. прим. 75): 277–316; A. Power,
Roger Bacon and the Defence of Christendom, (Cambridge, 2013), 166–178. Bacon, 'Epistola de secretis operibus artis et naturae et de nullitate magiae' in
Opera Quaedam Hactenus Inedita, ed. Brewer (см. прим. 73), 533.
244
Bacon, Opus Maius (см. прим. 76), 2: 172–178; C. B. Boyer, The Rainbow: From Myth to Mathematics (Princeton, 2nd ed. 1987), 88–119; D. C. Lindberg, 'Roger Bacon's Theory of the Rainbow: Progress or Regress?' Isis 57 (1966): 235–248.
245
Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption, II.3 (330a); D. Skabelund and P. Thomas, 'Walter of Odington's Mathematical Treatment of the Primary Qualities,' Isis 60 (1969): 331–350; J. D. North, 'Natural Philosophy in Late Medieval Oxford,' in The University of Oxford, Vol. II, ed. Catto and Evans (прим. 65): 65–102, at 74–77.
246
North, 'Natural Philosophy' (прим. 89), 82–85; M. McVaugh, 'Arnald of Villanova and Bradwardine's Law,' Isis 58 (1967): 56–64.
247
Thomas Bradwardine, Tractatus de Proportionibus, ed. and tr. H. L. Crosby (Madison, 1955).
248
J.A. Weisheipl, 'Roger Swyneshed, O.S.B., Logician, Natural Philosopher, and Theologian,' in Oxford Studies Presented to Daniel Callus (Oxford, 1964), 231–252; North, 'Natural Philosophy' (см. прим. 88), 80n44.
249
North, 'Natural Philosophy' (см. прим. 89), 85.
250
North, 'Natural Philosophy' (см. прим. 89), pp. 92–93; J. E. Murdoch and E. D. Sylla, 'Swineshead, Richard,' in Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 13 (Detroit, 2008), 184–213.
251
W.J. Courtenay, 'The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education,' Speculum 55 (1980): 696–714; J. D. North, '1348 and All That: Oxford Science and the Black Death,' in Stars, Minds and Fate: Essays in Ancient and Medieval Cosmology (London): 361–371.
252
Уолтер также писал об астрономии и календарях: North, Richard of Wallingford (см. прим. 2), 3: 238–270.
253
Cambridge University Library MS Gg.6.3, f. 164v; P. Zutshi, 'An Urbanist Cardinal and His Books: The Library and Writings of Adam Easton,' in Der Papst Und Das Buch Im Spätmittelalter (1350–1500), ed. R. Berndt (Münster, 2018): 24–46; S. Falk, 'A Merton College Equatorium: Text, Translation, Commentary,' SCIAMVS 17 (2016): 121–159, at 130–131.
254
M.R. James, Unpublished catalogue description for Cambridge UL MS Gg.6.3
255
W.R. Knorr, 'Two Medieval Monks and Their Astronomy Books: MSS. Bodley 464 and Rawlinson C.117,' Bodleian Library Record 14 (1993): 269–284.
256
Oxford, Bodl. MS Digby 176, ff. 40r-41v, 50r-53v; K. Snedegar, 'John Ashenden and the Scientia Astrorum Mertonensis' (D. Phil. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988), 55–59, 265–270.
257
Gesta Abbatum monasterii Sancti Albani (GASA), ed. H. Riley (London, 1867), 2: 182, 296.
258
J.G. Clark, A Monastic Renaissance at St. Albans: Thomas Walsingham and His Circle, c. 1350–1440 (Oxford, 2004), 71–72; J. Greatrex, The English Benedictine Cathedral Priories: Rule and Practice, c. 1270–1420 (Oxford, 2011), 145–147.
259
Clark, Monastic Renaissance (см. прим. 2), 111–123; GASA (см. прим. 1), 2: 433.
260
GASA (см. прим. 1), 3: 393; Greatrex, English Benedictine Cathedral Priories (см. прим. 2), 181.
261
J.D. North, Richard of Wallingford (Oxford, 1976), 2: 127–130, 287; S. Falk, '"I found this written in the other book": Learning Astronomy in Late Medieval Monasteries', in Churches and Education, ed. M. Ludlow, C. Methuen and A. Spicer, Studies in Church History vol. 55 (2019): 129–144.
262
Ptolemy, Almagest V.1, tr. G. J. Toomer (London, 1984), 217–219. Надо заметить, что сферы, которые использовал Птолемей и его современники, были гораздо больше тех, с помощью которых учились средневековые студенты.
263
Непонятно, можно ли проследить идею латинского торкветума до Джабира ибн Афлаха, жившего в XII веке в Севилье; см. North, Richard of Wallingford (см. прим. 5), 2: 297–300; R. P. Lorch, 'The Astronomical Instruments of Jābir Ibn Aflah and the Torquetum,' Centaurus 20 (1976): 11–35; E. Poulle, 'Bernard de Verdun et Le Turquet,' Isis 55 (1964): 200–208; L. Thorndike, 'Franco de Polonia and the Turquet,' Isis 36 (1945): 6–7.
264
Richard of Wallingford, 'Rectangulus' I, ed. North, Richard of Wallingford (см. прим. 5), 1: 407.
265
Jean de Lignières, 'Quia nobilissima scientia astronomie', in Cambridge UL MS Gg.6.3, f. 217v. Здесь пролог, написанный Жаном, предваряет трактат, к которому он не имеет никакого отношения. Ed. and tr. S. Falk, 'A Merton College Equatorium: Text, Translation, Commentary,' SCIAMVS 17 (2016): 121–159; C. Eagleton, 'John Whethamstede, Abbot of St. Albans, on the Discovery of the Liberal Arts and Their Tools: Or, Why Were Astronomical Instruments in Late – Medieval Libraries?' Mediaevalia 29 (2008): 109–136.
266
G. Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales: The Miller's Tale, I.3209, in The Riverside Chaucer, ed. L. D. Benson (Oxford, 1987), 68; J. Gower, Confessio Amantis, VI.1890, ed. R. A. Peck (Kalamazoo, 2004), 251; Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Latin 19093, f. 108r, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8510021r/f223.item.
267
Chaucer, 'A Treatise on the Astrolabe', I.21, in The Riverside Chaucer (см. прим. 10), 667.
268
Peterhouse, Cambridge MS 75.I, f. 71r. Еще один почти идентичный список, поступивший из монастыря в Бери-Сент-Эдмундс, хранится в университетской библиотеке Кембриджа: MS Add. 6860, fol. 70v-71r. Образцовое исследование средневековых списков звезд: P. Kunitzsch, Typen von Sternverzeichnissen in astronomischen Handschriften des zehnten bis vierzehnten Jahrhunderts (Wiesbaden, 1966). S. Falk, 'Sacred astronomy? Beyond the stars on a Whipple astrolabe', in The Whipple Museum of the History of Science: Instruments and Interpretations, ed. L. Taub, J. Nall and F. Willmoth (Cambridge, 2019): 11–31; об этой астролябии: J. Davis and M. Lowne, 'An Early English Astrolabe at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge, and Walter of Elveden's Kalendarium,' Journal for the History of Astronomy 46 (2015): 257–290.
269
D.A. King, In Synchrony With The Heavens: Studies In Astronomical Timekeeping and Instrumentation In Medieval Islamic Civilization. Volume Two: Instruments of Mass Calculation (Leiden, 2005), XIIIe, 595.
270
O. Neugebauer, A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy (Berlin, 1975), 868–870.
271
Chaucer, 'Astrolabe' (см. прим. 11), I.21, 668.
272
Сам Чосер использовал воск, см: 'Astrolabe' (прим. 11), II.40, p. 680.
273
Chaucer, 'Astrolabe' (см. прим. 11), II.1, 669.
274
Chaucer, 'Astrolabe' (см. прим. 11), II.3, 669–670.
275
Chaucer,
