Irving,
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182
A.D. White, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (New York, 1896), 1: 89–109.
183
Thorndike, Sphere of Sacrobosco (см. прим. 23), 38–40; Grant (ed.), Source Book in Medieval Science (прим. 19), 630–639.
184
Sacrobosco, The Sphere (см. прим. 23), ch. 1, 83; Aristotle, On the Heavens, II.14 (297b).
185
Аристотель. О небе / Пер. А. В. Лебедева // Аристотель. Сочинения. Т. 3. – М., 1981.
186
Aristotle, On the Heavens, II.14 (298a), tr. J. Barnes, The Complete Works of Aristotle (Princeton, 1984), 1: 489.
187
Публичное наблюдение, выполненное Эратосфеном в день солнцестояния в Александрии, описано Плинием Старшим (имени Эратосфена он не называл): Natural History II.75, tr. H. Rackham (Cambridge, MA, 1967), 1: 316–317; Cleomedes, De motu circulari corporum caelestium, in T. L. Heath, ed., Greek Astronomy (Cambridge, 1932), 109–112. Согласно другим сообщениям, публичное наблюдение имело место где-то между Сиеной и Мероэ, и не в день солнцестояния, а в день равноденствия.
188
Ptolemy, Geographia 1.7.1, ed. K. Müller (Paris, 1883), 1: 17; Columbus, прим. на полях в Imago Mundi of Pierre d'Ailly, printed in Cristóbal Colón, Textos y documentos completos, ed. C. Varela (Madrid, 1997), 10–11; G. E. Nunn, The Geographical Conceptions of Columbus (New York, 1924), 1–2, 9–10.
189
Carl Sagan, Cosmos (London, 1981), 14–15.
190
Aristotle, Physics, IV.1 (208b); On the Heavens, II.14 (297b), I.10–II.1 (279b-284a); On Generation and Corruption, II.10 (337a); Meteorology I.3 (339b-340a). Жан Буридан развил идею Аристотеля о постоянных изменениях в теорию динамического равновесия между морем и сушей: J. Kaye, A History of Balance, 1250–1375: The Emergence of a New Model of Equilibrium and Its Impact on Thought (Cambridge, 2014), 445–448.
191
K.A. Vogel, 'Sphaera terrae – das mittelalterliche Bild der Erde und die kosmographische Revolution' (PhD Thesis, University of Göttingen, 1995), 154.
192
Sacrobosco, The Sphere (см. прим. 23), ch. 1, 78–79; Robertus Anglicus, Commentary (1271) on the Sphere, II, in Thorndike, Sphere of Sacrobosco (см. прим. 23), 150, 205; D. Wootton, The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution (London, 2015), 110–137.
193
Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption, II.10 (337a). Комментарий (ок. 1230) приписывается Майклу Скоту, III, in Thorndike, Sphere of Sacrobosco (см. прим. 23), 277; Robert Grosseteste, De Sphera, ch. 4, in Moti, virtù e motori celesti nella cosmologia di Roberto Grossatesta, ed. C. Panti (Florence, 2001), 290.
194
Aristotle, On the Heavens, II.14 (297b); Genesis 1: 9–10.
195
Исход 12: 35–36; Origen, Letter to Gregory; M. Pereira, 'From the Spoils of Egypt: An Analysis of Origen's Letter to Gregory', in Origeniana Decima: Origen as Writer, ed. S. Kaczmarek and H. Pietras, (Leuven, 2011), 221–48. Augustine, On Christian Doctrine II.40.60; D. C. Lindberg, 'The Medieval Church Encounters the Classical Tradition: Saint Augustine, Roger Bacon, and the Handmaiden Metaphor,' in When Science & Christianity Meet, ed. Lindberg and R. L. Numbers (Chicago, 2003), 7–32.
196
Перевод М. Лозинского.
197
H. Denifle and E. Chatelaine, eds., Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis (Paris, 1889), 1: 70.
198
G. Leff, 'The Trivium and the Three Philosophies,' in The University in Europe, Vol. I, ed. Ridder-Symoens (прим. 13): 307–336, at 319–322.
199
F. Duncalf and A. C. Krey, Parallel Source Problems in Medieval History (New York, 1912), 137–174; Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, ed. H. Luard (London, 1880), 3:166–69; N. Gorochov, 'The Great Dispersion of the University of Paris and the Rise of European Universities (1229–1231)', CIAN-Revista de Historia de las Universidades 21 (2018): 99–119.
200
C.H. Lawrence, 'The University in State and Church,' in The University of Oxford, Vol. I, ed. Catto (прим. 3): 97–150, at 126–127, 139.
201
Parens scientiarum Parisius', in Chartularium (прим. 41), 1:136–9; I. P. Wei, Intellectual Culture in Medieval Paris: Theologians and the University, c. 1100–1330 (Cambridge, 2012), 109; Pedersen, 'In Quest of Sacrobosco' (см. прим. 23), 192.
202
Chartularium (см. прим. 41), 1: 486–487.
203
B.C. Bazán, 'Siger of Brabant,' in A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages, ed. J.J.E. Gracia and T. B. Noone, (Malden, MA, 2006), 632–640.
204
Chartularium (см. прим. 41), 1: 499–500, 543–555; E. Grant, 'The Condemnation of 1277, God's Absolute Power, and Physical Thought in the Late Middle Ages,' Viator 10 (1979): 211–244.
205
B.C. Bazán, 'Boethius of Dacia,' in Philosophy in the Middle Ages (прим. 47): 227–32; J. F. Wippel, 'The Parisian Condemnations of 1270 and 1277', in Philosophy in the Middle Ages: 65–73; J.M.M.H. Thijssen, 'What Really Happened on 7 March 1277? Bishop Tempier's Condemnation and Its Institutional Context,' in Texts and Contexts in Ancient and Medieval Science, ed. E. Sylla and M. McVaugh (Leiden, 1997): 84–114; cf Thijssen, Censure and Heresy at the University of Paris, 1200–1400 (Philadelphia, 1998), 52–56.
206
J.E. Murdoch, 'Pierre Duhem and the History of Late Medieval Science and Philosophy in the Latin West,' in Glistudi di filosofia medievale fra otto e novecento, ed. R. Imbach and A. Maierù (Rome, 1991): 253–302; J. D. North, 'Eternity and Infinity in Late Medieval Thought,' in Infinity in Science, ed. G. Toraldo di Francia (Rome, 1987): 245–256; repr. Stars, Minds and Fate: Essays in Ancient and Medieval Cosmology (London, 1989): 233–243.
207
Lawrence, 'University in State and Church' (см. прим. 44), 116–117; P. O. Lewry, 'Grammar, Logic and Rhetoric,' in The University of Oxford, Vol. I, ed. Catto (см. прим. 3): 401–433, at 419–426.
208
M.W. Sheehan, 'The Religious Orders 1220–1370,' in The University of Oxford, Vol. I, ed. Catto (прим. 3): 193–221, at 220; J. Campbell, 'Gloucester College,' in Benedictines in Oxford (см. прим. 7): 37–47, at 37.
209
W.A. Pantin, ed., Documents Illustrating the Activities of the General and Provincial Chapters of the English Black Monks, 1215–1540: vol. 1, Camden Third Series vol. 45 (London, 1931), 75.
210
Pantin, Chapters (см. прим. 53), 1: 75; Greatrex, English Benedictine Cathedral Priories (см. прим. 7), 130.
211
Mortimer, The Time Traveller's Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century (London, 2009), 100; Amundesham (прим. 2), 2: 105–108; Clark, Monastic Renaissance (см. прим. 6), 71; M.R.V. Heale, 'Dependant Priories and the Closure of Monasteries in the Late Medieval England, 1400–1535,' English Historical Review 119 (2004): 1–26, at 19–20.
212
Campbell, 'Gloucester College,' (см. прим. 52), 40; Clark, Monastic Renaissance (прим. 6),
